Concluding the Introductory Spirituality Clinic (Long Island Korean Methodist Church, Commack, January 17, 2002)

Kim Jeong-hee

Spirituality Clinic has not been as effective as I hoped, mostly due to my lack of time for personal practice. However, amid the busy, repetitive routine of daily life, I have come to realize that we donโ€™t have to follow just one path. When I noticed another path alongside my usual oneโ€”a path that brings peace to my heart and allows me to experience greater ease and happinessโ€”that, I believe, is one of the fruits the Spirituality Clinic has nurtured in me.

Of course, I had sensed the existence of this โ€œother pathโ€ even before attending the clinic, but going through the Spirituality Clinic helped me recognize and reaffirm it once again. That, to me, has been very empowering.

I want to express my heartfelt thanks once again to Pastor Yoon Tae-hun for his sincere and dedicated teaching. I also appreciate all the members of our groupโ€”your honesty, humility, commitment to pursuing better things, and warm concern for one anotherโ€”which created a time together that was both inspiring and growth-filled.

As we come to the close of this course, I feel deeply gratified that the Spirituality Clinic has helped me rediscover the path that brings more spaciousness and ease into my life.

Yang Yeon-gyun.

I sincerely thank God for giving us the opportunity to experience Pastor Yoonโ€™s Spirituality Clinic in our own churchโ€”a clinic we had only seen advertised before. It was a wonderful time of learning how to listen to the Lordโ€™s voice in a short yet effective way through focusing and meditating on Scripture. It really helped me live my daily life with the peace and joy that God provides.

Although we met once a week for three hours, from 9 a.m. to 12 p.m., it never felt long at all. The fellowship with the other ten members was also very enjoyable under the leadership of our class president, Deaconess Joo Mi-kyung. Getting to appreciate and respect each otherโ€™s personalities through individual personality tests was so meaningful. I have high hopes that this will grow into a loving community of faith, where we put our beliefs into practice and work together in harmony. It would be wonderful if everyone in our congregation could participate.

Joo Mi-kyung

Lord! Thank You for Your love and grace that have guided me into the life of true Christian freedom.

After immigrating to America, I spent my days rushing around busily. As the years went by, I often felt tired in both body and soul rather than joyful, and sometimes longed for a quiet place to rest. In the midst of this, by Your leading hands, I was given the opportunity to attend the Spirituality Clinic. Through personality assessments, I was able to reflect on my character alongside othersโ€™ personalities and discover the words of God that fit me. In this process, unexpected things happened โ€” encounters with Jesus, heartfelt conversations with Him, and words received from Him. In the past, I thought approaching the Lord was distant and difficult, but now I find myself coming to Him with joy and a heart full of longing.

Especially through the love, understanding, and encouragement of my fellow believers, I began to look forward every week to Thursdays โ€” the joyful anticipation of living a โ€œlife of sharing.โ€ Even familiar Bible passages I had read before felt completely new as I meditated on them through Focusing. The holy imagination that God stirred up within me is beyond what I can fully describe in words.

Through the Spirituality Clinic, I was able to find peace in my heart and let go of my worries and anxieties. I thank the Lord for helping me realize the simple yet profound โ€œmystery of truth.โ€ I also want to thank Pastor Yun Tae-hyun for making this opportunity possible and preparing it so thoughtfully. Finally, I pray that all the members of our congregation will have a chance to participate in the Spirituality Clinic as well.

Baek Ji-yeon.

In mid-September of 2001, as a housewife in my mid-thirties, my heart was pounding with excitement as I settled into my seat alongside my husband for our very first Spirituality Clinic session. Sitting together in a classroom that was neither too fancy nor too plain, I felt filled with joy and deep gratitude. It had already been ten years since we were married, and as a mother of three, I had been praying for more than a year, even in the midst of my busy daily life, that God would lead me to the right church. Finally, my prayers had been answered.

We had just moved into our new home โ€” the first house we had ever owned as a married couple โ€” less than two months before. Even the work of unpacking boxes didnโ€™t feel tiring. Perhaps my heart was too light, too happy, and my husband and I had even called a temporary ceasefire on our usual little bickering. My parents, who were living with us, had no complaints either, and the children loved the new house. Looking back, everything felt perfect at that time, and I truly believe it was Godโ€™s love for me that led me to join the Spirituality Clinic.

As I had hoped, Pastor Yun had prepared thoroughly for the sessions. The sound of the ocean waves, seagulls crying, and the music he played created such a restful atmosphere that I almost felt as if I were on vacation. But then came the surprise โ€” we had to take a personality test. A test? Suddenly my nerves kicked in. Whether a test is easy or hard, I always feel nervous, and so I worked my way through it carefully, without realizing at first that it was a personality survey. My husband, seated next to me, was also focused intently on his own.

When the results came back, I learned that I was an ESFJ. Curious, I listened carefully to the pastorโ€™s explanation. And as I did, I couldnโ€™t help but exclaim to myself, โ€œWow, this is spot on!โ€ It felt like someone had tailored this just for me. How could this test describe me so accurately? Right then, I realized the test really had to be taken honestly โ€” and I was genuinely amazed. Even more surprising was the shift that began to happen in my attitude after I learned about my husbandโ€™s personality.

Of course, I already knew my husband fairly well, but hearing the pastor encourage us to accept each other as we truly are โ€” including our personalities โ€” gave me new wisdom and deeper insight into true freedom. Suddenly my husband, Baek Woon-tae, looked to me like the most wonderful man in the world after Jesus Himself. Compared to any handsome actor, eloquent speaker, or talented singer, my husband was incomparably the most charming. In truth, my husband himself hadnโ€™t changed at all. What had changed was my own proud habit of sizing up everyone around me according to my own standards. That was my real lesson โ€” I was letting go of my pride and opening my heart to others as they truly are. Isnโ€™t that what it really means to live like a Christian? Above all, I learned to appreciate myself more too. In the past, I was often harsh and unforgiving toward myself. But I learned that the Lord loves me just as I am โ€” and that I must also love myself because of that love. This was not a matter of arrogance; rather, by cherishing myself, I could grow my strengths to glorify God, let go of my weaknesses, and strive to correct my shortcomings. My goal was to grow into the kind of Christian who reflects Christโ€™s character.

Seventeen long years had already passed since I first accepted Jesus as my Savior. They say a landscape can change entirely in ten years, yet hadnโ€™t I remained a baby Christian, still stumbling along? Thankfully, my experience at the Spirituality Clinic gave me the gift of meeting Jesus more often, even amid my busy life โ€” this was a true spiritual harvest and restful oasis for my soul. Emptying my heart, identifying my troubles, bringing them to Jesus, and receiving His gentle removal of my burdens left me feeling lighter and freer. Anyone who hasnโ€™t experienced this should really give it a try โ€” itโ€™s a joy like no other. Jesus is no longer someone distant to me!

Of course, attending Sunday worship and serving as a church officer are important, but thatโ€™s not what truly makes one a Christian. At this point, my deepest desire is to embrace the true freedom of Christ, to live as a joyful Christian in both body and soul. I pray for the day when someone will come up to me and say, โ€œYou seem truly joyful. Whatโ€™s your secret?โ€ In fact, I hope to reach out to them first. Why? Because Jesus commands us: โ€œRejoice in the Lord always. I will say it again: Rejoice!โ€ (Philippians 4:4).

Baek Woon-tae.

Every Thursday, seeing people with all kinds of different personalities come together around the same topicโ€”and listening to one anotherโ€™s different thoughtsโ€”makes me feel that Godโ€™s love is reflected in the way He created each of us to be so unique and special. It feels like God is telling us to accept and respect one another. Even things about my own personality that I never really thought much about before became clearer through the materials we studied. Some of my good qualities make me appreciate myself more, and some of my flaws, honestly, I really donโ€™t like.

Meditating on Godโ€™s Word is such a wonderful toolโ€”it can help us manage the worries, stress, and spiritual struggles that accumulate in our daily lives, reaching beyond time and place. It feels truly necessary for us as fragile people living in these modern times. Even though I donโ€™t always focus perfectly on my own, I realize that if I simply use the time Iโ€™m given and sincerely seek God, it will help me.

The personality test was a valuable part of the clinic as well. It enabled us to understand one another better, accept one another, and ultimately have fellowship together with Godโ€™s love at the center. I believe that everyone could speak so openly and give their testimony during the Spirituality Clinic because we had learned about each otherโ€™s different personalities through this process. Without this kind of mutual understanding, it would have been very difficult to share deeper thoughts and feelings. In all my experience with church or other groupsโ€”whether at home, work, or businessโ€”I donโ€™t think I have ever been part of such deep, meaningful sharing as we had at this clinic. When we truly respect one another like this, I believe weโ€™ll hear God say, โ€œAnd it was very good.โ€

Lastly, Iโ€™m aware that my writing may feel a bit unpolished and scattered if someone else were to read it. Still, I am very grateful to you, Pastor, for giving us this opportunity.

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๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์ƒ๋‹ด ๋ชฉํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š” ์˜์„ฑ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰

์œค ํƒœํ—Œ ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ (1995๋…„ 9์›” 27์ผ)

“์˜์„ฑํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰”์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์ƒ๋‹ด๋ชฉํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋•๊ณ , ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋•…์— ์ด์ฃผํ•ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋ฏผ์ž(์ด์ค‘๋ฌธํ™”์ธ)์˜ ์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ „์ œ ์•„๋ž˜, ์ฐธ ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ์ž์œ ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ผ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์˜์„ฑ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰”์€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ์—๋ด ๋™์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์…จ๋˜ ‘์‚ถ์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ’์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ’์„ฑํžˆ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ถ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹ ๋Œ€๋กœ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ , ์กด๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋œป์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค.

์‚ถ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์–ต๋ˆŒ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋งค์ผ ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์‚ถ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅํ•ด์กŒ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ž์‹ ์ด ์—†๋Š”๊ฐ€? ํ˜น์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŽธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์ž˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์˜ค๋žœ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ƒํ™œ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์€ํ˜œ์ฒดํ—˜๋„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์•„์ง๋„ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์€ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ_ ์Ÿ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์˜์ ์ฒดํ—˜์— ์ž์‹ ์ด ์—†๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•œ๊ฐ€? ๊ตํšŒ์— ๋‹ค๋…€๋„ ๊ธฐ์จ์ด ์—†๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์ž๋…€์‚ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ถ€๋”ช์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์ด ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์€ํ˜œ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‰ฝ์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ ์Ÿ์•„์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฐ€?

ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์†์— ์„ฑ๋ น๊ณผ ๊ตํ†ตํ•˜์‹œ๋ ค ์ฃผ์‹  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ น์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์จ์˜ ์ƒ˜๋ฌผ์„ ํ„ฐํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง„์‹คํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ‰์˜จ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค.

์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜์„ฑ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰”(Integral Spirituality Clinic)์€ ์‚ผ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ดˆํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์•„ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์—ฐ์Šต์„ “๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ (Rejoicing in Christ Clinic)”์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ, ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ (Myers-Briggs Temperament Types Indicator)๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋„์ œ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ์‹ ์•™์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ์•ˆ๋‚ด๋ฐ›๊ณ , ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์„(Minesota Multiple Personality Inventory DI์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผํ•  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์„ฑ๋ น๊ป˜ ๋ง๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทผ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋…ธ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ธธ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋„์˜ ์‚ถ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ˜•์–ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ž์œ ์˜ ์ฒดํ—˜ ์†์— ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ์ถฉ๋งŒ์ผ€ ํ•˜์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ตด๊ณก๋˜๊ณ  ์žƒ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ด์ฃผ์‹  ์ง„์‹คํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž๊ฒฉ์€ 18์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งค ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰๋งˆ๋‹ค 20๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ก  ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ค๊ธฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ธฐ์ดˆํŽธ์„ ๋งˆ์นœ ํ›„ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์ƒํ™œํ™”ํ•œ ํ›„์— ์ค‘๊ธ‰ํŽธ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ค‘๊ธ‰ํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์  ์ž์•„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์—ฐ์Šต์œผ๋กœ “๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‚ถ (Team Spirit Clinic)”์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ (1) ๊ด€์šฉ๊ณผ ์šฉ๋‚ฉ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ, (2) ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋ณ€ํ˜•, (3) ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ๊ทธ ์ฒซ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์•ฝํ˜ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์œผ๋กœ (1) ๋ถ€๋ถ€์˜ ํ˜ผ์„  ์ •๋„ ์ ๊ฒ€, (2) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ํ›ˆ๋ จ, (3) ๋ถ€๋ถ€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋Š” ์ค‘๊ธ‰ํŽธ์˜ 3 ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ ์ž๋…€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ • ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ž๋…€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์„ ์ค‘๊ธ‰ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ๋‘๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž๋…€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ƒ์ฒ˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ›„์— ์ž๋…€์™€์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›์น™์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 3๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ž๋…€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ • ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์—๋Š” (1) ์•ˆ๋‚ด (2) ์ž์ฒด์กฐ์‚ฌ (3) STRESS์กฐ์‚ฌ (4) ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ (5) ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ผ 6 ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€(7) ์ž๋…€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ (8) ์ž๋…€์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒํ–‰๋™ (9) ๋Œ€์ธ๊ด€๊ณ„ (10) ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ (11) ๋ถ„๋…ธ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ (12) ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ณต๋ถ€์Šต๊ด€ (13) ์ž๋…€์˜ ์ž์กด์‹ฌ (14) ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณ„ํš ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง„๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ธ‰ํŽธ์„ ๋งˆ์นœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—ญ์‹œ ์‚ถ์†์— ์ƒํ™œํ™” ํ•œ ํ›„ 3๊ฐœ์›” ์ดํ›„ ์ƒํ™œํŽธ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํ›ˆ๋ จ์€ ์ƒํ™œํŽธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์ธ์˜ ์ฐธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๋Š” ํ•˜๋Š˜ ๋ณด์ขŒ์™€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์‹œ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณ ๋‚œ ์†์— ์ž์ฒ˜ํ•ด์„œ ์˜ค์‹  ๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ณ ๋‚œ์„ ์ž์ฒ˜ํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„(THE ONE WHO HAS VOLUNTEERED FOR SUFFERING) ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ(่‡ช้ก˜ไฟธไบ‹๏ผŒVoluntery Suffering)๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ๋…์ •์‹ ์— ์„ธ์šด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ž์›์ •์‹ ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„ ์œ ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๊ณผ์–ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค, ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ์ž์›๋Œ€, ์†Œ๋ฐฉ์ž์›๋Œ€, ๊ตฌ๊ธ‰ ์ž์›๋Œ€, ๋ณ‘์› ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž ๋“ฑ, ์ฐธ์ง€์–ด ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ๋‚˜ ์ž„์›๋“ค๋„ ์ž์› ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ “์ƒํ™œํŽธ์˜ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์€ ์ฑ…์ž„์  ์ž์•„ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ชจํ‰์ด ๋Œ (CORNER STONE CLINIC)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” (1), ์ž์› ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ (2) ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ (3) ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ, ๋“ฑ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด, ๊ตํšŒ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐ€์ • ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์ผ์ฒด๊ฐ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์‚ถ์˜ ํ’์กฑํ•จ๊ณผ ๋ณด๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋งก๊ฒจ์ฃผ์‹  ์‚ฌ๋ช…์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์จ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋”์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์‚ถ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค ์ด์ „์— ๊ณ ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋ณ‘์ƒ‰์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ์ฐธ ์ œ์ž๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋น›์„ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ํ›„์†์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋ฉฐ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค.

์ƒํ™œํŽธ์„ ๋งˆ์นœ ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ “์˜์„ฑ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰”์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์‹œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ถ„์€ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ˆ” (CERTIFIED CLINIC LEADERSHIP TRANINING)ยฎ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ง€๋„์ž ์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” (1) ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‚ถ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ (2) ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„ (3) ์žƒ์€ ์ž๋“ค ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‚ถ์—๋กœ ์ดˆ์ฒญ (4) ์ด์›ƒ์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์จ๋“ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์จ์˜ ์†Œ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค๋กœ, “์˜์„ฑ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰”๊ณผ์ •์— ์ƒ๋‹ด์ž์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.

๊ตํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์ž„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ๋‹˜๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ๋„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ๋‹ด์— “์˜์„ฑ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰”์„ ๊ถŒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ •์ด ์ƒ๋‹น ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ง์”€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์น˜์œ ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ง์”€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋„๋กœ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ๋จผ์ € ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ๋˜๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”, ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ต์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ํ‰์‹ ๋„ ์ œ์ง๊ณผ ๋‹ด์ž„์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‹ ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์–ด ๋†“๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ตํšŒ๋‚ด์— ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ์„ ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋˜์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ขฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž๋ฌธ์„ ์–ป์–ด ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์‹ ์•™ ์ƒ๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ “์˜์„ฑ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰”์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค.

์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ํ•œ์ธ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ (1) ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ต์ˆ™์น˜ ์•Š์€ ์ด์œ ์™€, (2) ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ํ˜น์€ ์ง‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ์‹œ๋„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  (3) ์ฒด๋ฉด๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋ชฉ์ด ๋‘๋ ค์›Œ ํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ณด๋‹ˆ, ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๋†“์ณ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž…์žฅ์ด, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๊ต์ธ์ด๋‚˜, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ด ์ง‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์”จ๋ฆ„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์ฒด๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž. ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ์˜๋ขฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์ ˆํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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Spiritual Clinic for Supporting Pastorsโ€™ Counseling Ministry

Spiritual Clinic to Support the Counseling Ministry of Pastors

One of the goals of the โ€œSpiritual Clinicโ€ is to help pastors with their counseling ministry, and ultimately to support all immigrants (bicultural individuals) living in the United States, under the premise that many mental and emotional struggles have spiritual roots. Its aim is for people to enjoy true, joyful freedom in Christ.

The Spiritual Clinic, which consists of three stages, is designed to help modern people in uncertain times fully enjoy the โ€œjoy of lifeโ€ that God granted humanity in the Garden of Eden, through Christ. God created life good, healthy, beautiful, and honorable. That is His will.

Do you feel burdened by the stress and wounds of daily life? Have you lost meaning and feel powerless? Do you lack confidence? Or do you feel comfortable on the outside, yet sense that something deeper must change? Do you struggle with personal issues despite years of church life and past spiritual experiences? Do you often lose the grace you receive? Do you lack joy? Do your relationships with your spouse, children, or others often experience conflict or isolation? Do you wish to become even happier and more at peace?

Through your communion with the Holy Spirit and the heart of Christ given to you, you will discover your true self, and all these struggles will gradually find rest.

The โ€œIntegral Spirituality Clinicโ€ is conducted in three stages:

  1. Foundational Stage โ€“ โ€œRejoicing in Christ Clinic,โ€ focusing on recovering the โ€œimage of Godโ€ within oneself.
  2. Intermediate Stage โ€“ โ€œTeam Spirit Clinic,โ€ focusing on the restoration of relationships, including those of spouses and children.
  3. Living Stage โ€“ โ€œCornerstone Clinic,โ€ focusing on cultivating responsibility and sharing joy in community.

In the foundational stage, participants explore their God-given nature and practice self-transformation under the theme of personal joy in Christ. Tools like the MBTI (Myers-Briggs Temperament Indicator) help participants identify their unique personality type and discover their own prayer style and path of faith. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is also administered so that participants can entrust any unhealthy areas of their lives to the Holy Spirit for healing. Eventually, they will break free from anxiety and anger, entering into the life of prayerโ€”a true dialogue with Godโ€”and thereby taste indescribable freedom and joy.

This stage is open to anyone aged 18 or over, and each clinic is limited to 20 participants, as the emphasis is on practice rather than theory. After completing the foundational stage, participants are encouraged to live out their training for at least 3 to 6 months before moving on to the intermediate stage.

The intermediate stageโ€”โ€œTeam Spirit Clinicโ€โ€”aims at creating the basic sense of community. It is divided into three parts: (1) Individual Clinic, training in tolerance, mindset transformation, and creative thinking; (2) Couple and Fiancรฉe Clinic, diagnosing spousal miscommunication, learning cooperative styles, and healing relationships; and (3) Family Clinic, where parents and children receive healing together. Children come last because most childhood wounds come from unresolved parental issues, so parents must experience healing first. This stage looks at family systems including stress, parental thoughts, parenting styles, communication, childrenโ€™s social behavior, self-study habits, self-esteem, future goals, and more.

Graduates of the intermediate stage will live their training for another 3-6 months before moving on to the final โ€œLiving Stage,โ€ the Cornerstone Clinic. The Living Stage is meant to train participants to be responsible, joyful members of the larger community under Christ. Its purpose is to highlight the attitude of voluntary suffering for othersโ€™ sake, as Jesus left His throne and glory to embrace suffering. The Christian spirit of volunteerism is what underpins American society itself: volunteer firefighters, paramedics, hospital volunteers, school boards, and church service are all examples of selfless service. The training in this final stage will lead people to become servants of Christ in their daily lives, and to recognize the true calling God has placed on each individual. Freed from worry, meaninglessness, and depression, they will discover a profound sense of calling, receiving joy like a spring bubbling up from within.

Upon completing the final stage, a sense of harmony will emerge across oneโ€™s personal life, home, church, and society. Participants will live with deep happiness, knowing they are fulfilling the special mission God has entrusted to them. Freed from fear, they will shine like true disciples of Christ and live a legacy that influences future generations.

Those who wish to become leaders of the Spiritual Clinic may participate in the Certified Clinic Leadership Training for leadership formation. This program includes training in collaborative life, deep listening, sharing oneโ€™s experiences and expressions, inviting the lost into a life together in Christ, and offering joy to oneโ€™s neighbors. Graduates receive credentials to become counseling leaders who can help others grow in this same spiritual path.

Finally, pastors seeking help with counseling ministries can also look to the Spiritual Clinic. Often, a personโ€™s emotional intensity can prevent them from receiving healing through mere Bible study or prayer alone. To reach true healing, the root issue must first be uncovered. However, congregants may hesitate to reveal their personal struggles to their own pastor due to role dynamics or shame. Creating a professional counseling team or making use of outside Christian counseling professionals is advisable so pastors can eventually resume and conclude the counseling ministry with spiritual guidance.

When viewed holistically, one serious issue facing the Korean immigrant community is that most Koreans do not seek help early enough due to unfamiliarity with mental health treatment, attempting to resolve problems privately at home, or fear of losing face. The church must take this reality seriously. Instead of allowing people to delay treatment until problems worsen, the pastor and church must encourage people to seek help without shame. This proactive attitude will lead to a healthy and joyful spiritual community for all.

Written by Rev. Dr. Tae Hun Yoon, (Retired in 2014 from the Holston annual Conference of the United Methodist Church)

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๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ 7 ๋‹จ๊ณ„

๊ธ€: ์œค ํƒœํ—Œ ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ, ์ฝ”๋งฅ ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ตํšŒ (2014๋…„ ๋™๋‚จ๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ ํ™€์Šคํ†ค ์—ฐํšŒ์—์„œ ์€ํ‡ด) (์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, United Methodists in Service, July/August 2002, Volume 5, Number 4, PP. 16-18)

http://www.koreanumc.org

“๋ง์”€๋ฌต์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ 7๋‹จ๊ณ„”๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋„์›์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด ์˜ค๋˜ ๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต์ƒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ “๋ ‰ํ‹ฐ์˜ค ๋””๋น„๋‚˜”(Lectio Divina) 4 ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฏผ ๊ตํšŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋„์›์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต์ƒ์˜ ๊ธธ์„, ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‹ ์•™์ธ์ด ๋งค์ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ ๋ง์”€ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒ ํ™œ์— ์•Œ๋งž๋„๋ก ๋ณด์™„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

“๋ ‰ํ‹ฐ์˜ค ๋””๋น„๋‚˜”๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช…์นญ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ ๊ต๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์“ฐ๋˜ ๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ผ์ปซ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋จผ์ € ์“ฐ์—ฌ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์•„๋‹ค๋‚˜ ์‹œ์šฐ์Šค์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ(Lectio, Meditatio, Oratio, and Contemplatio) ์ •๋ฆฝ๋œ ํ›„, ์„ฑ๋ฒ ๋„ค๋”•ํŠธ(St Benedict) ์ˆ˜๋„์›์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„์‚ฌ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐ ์ „ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

“๋ ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ค ๋””๋น„๋‚˜”๋ฅผ ์ง์—ญํ•˜๋ฉด ‘Divine Reading (๊ฑฐ๋ฃฉํ•œ ๋…์„œ)๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค. ๋ผํ‹ด๋ง๋กœ ๋ ˆํ‹ฐ์˜ค(Lectio)๋Š” ‘๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ’ ํ˜น์€ ‘๊ตํ›ˆ’์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ์—, ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ “๋ ‰ํ‹ฐ์˜ค ๋””๋น„๋‚˜”๊ฐ€ ‘์„ฑ๊ฒฝ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ’์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ‘์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ’์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ๋ž˜์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. “๋ ‰ํ‹ฐ์˜ค ๋””๋น„๋‚˜”๋Š” “๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์˜์  ๋…์„œ”์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์˜ ๊ต๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ ๋ง์”€ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ‘์‚ถ์˜ ํ•™๊ต’์š”, ‘๊ธฐ๋„์˜ ํ•™๊ต’๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ทœ์น™ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€์ด ๊ทธ๋‚  ์˜ ์ผ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ธ๋„ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ‘๋ง์”€์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ ๋ง์”€์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.” ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌต์ƒ, ๊ธฐ๋„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ถ์€ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌต์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ธ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋…ธ๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ์˜ ์‚ถ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต์ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ถ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„, ๋ง์”€์ด ์œก์‹ ์ด ๋œ ์„ฑ์œก์‹  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ถ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ • ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋ ‰ํ‹ฐ์˜ค ๋””๋น„๋‚˜”๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฐฑ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ ์‚ถ์„ ์ด๋ฏผ๊ตํšŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์ด๋ฏผ์ž ์‚ถ ์†์—์„œ๋„ ์„ฑ์œก์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ “๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ 7๋‹จ๊ณ„”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ „์ œ: ์ˆ˜์šฉ์  ๊ธฐ๋„


๋ง๊ณผ ๊ธ€์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋ง์”€์ด ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊นŠ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜ํ˜ผ ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๊ตณ์€ ๋‚ด ์† ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜์—ฌ “์—ด๋ ค(๋ฐฐ)”์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์„ ์†ก์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋น„์šฐ๋Š”(4) ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ๋ง‘์Œ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋ง์”€์ด ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒธ์†์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด, ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ ์˜์  ๋ง์”€์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๋กญ ๊ฒŒ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ์œ ํ†ต(3t)ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ น ์ถฉ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์„ธ๋ฐฐ, ๋˜, Mt ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
“์ˆ˜์šฉ์  ๊ธฐ๋„”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์šฉ์  ๊ธฐ๋„๋Š” ํ˜ผ์ž๋งŒ์˜ ๋…๋ฐฑ์ด ์•„ ์•„๋‹Œ, ๋ง์”€์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ์˜์  ๊ตํ†ต์˜ ๊ธฐ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์š”์ฒญ์˜ ๊ธฐ ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์šฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. “๋งํ•˜๋Š”(๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”)” ๊ธฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด “๋“ฃ๋Š”(๋ฐ›๋Š”)” ๊ธฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. “๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋„”๋Š” ์ˆ˜์šฉ์  ๊ธฐ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์ผ ํ˜น์€ ๋งค์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž„ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ์˜์ง€์™€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ฑํ’ˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ(์™ธํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋‚ดํ–ฅ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ง๊ด€, ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋ฐ ์ „ ํ†ต๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ)์˜ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตํ†ตํ•˜๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ง์”€์ด ์„ฑ์œก์‹ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ๊ธฐ๋„์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ “์ˆ˜์šฉ์  ๊ธฐ๋„”๋ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ˆ˜์šฉ์  ๊ธฐ๋„๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ  ๋๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜ ์†์•ˆ์— ์˜ํƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์€ ์šฐ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜ ๋‚˜๋‹˜์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„๋งˆ๋ˆ„์—˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ถ ์†์—์„œ ๋Š˜ ๋ง์”€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ”์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ๋‚ด ์•ˆ์— ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž„๋งˆ๋ˆ„์—˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ด ์‚ถ ์†์— ๋Š” ๋ง์”€์ด ์œก์‹ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ถ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋ณต๋œ ์‚ถ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตํšŒ(์„ฑ๋„)์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๋น„์ ์ธ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋ณต๋œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


7๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์†Œ๊ฐœ:


“๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ 7๋‹จ๊ณ„”์˜ ์ฒซ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ค€๋น„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ “๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์นจ๋ฌต ๊ธฐ๋„โ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์ž ๋‹ค ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„์ฃผํ•œ ์ผ๋กœ ํ—ˆํ‹€์–ด์กŒ๋˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ชธ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋จผ์ € ์•ˆ์ •์‹œํ‚ฌ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์ž์„ธ๋กœ ํฐ ํ˜ธํก์„ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ ์ •๋„ ํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ณ ๋ฅธ ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฌ๋ฉด์„œ 1-2๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด๋‘์‹  ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋„ ์—†์–ด์„œ, ๋‚˜๋งŒ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ง ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์ž์„ธ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‘˜์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”, “๋ง์”€ ์Šต๋“ ๊ธฐ๋„”(Scripture Internalization Prayer)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๊ฐ(์‹œ๊ฐ, ํ›„๊ฐ, ์ฒญ๊ฐ, ๋ฏธ๊ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด‰๊ฐ)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ ๋ง์”€์„ ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์ฝ๋˜์ง€, ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด์–ด ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋“ฃ๋˜์ง€ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑํ’ˆ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„์€ ์›Œํฌ๋งจ(Wallkman)์— ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ ํ…Œ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ๋‹ด์•„ ์ˆฒ ์†์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‹๋ฉฐ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Wireless ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ 3๋ถ„ ์ •๋„

์…‹์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”, “๋ง์”€ ์ƒ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋„”(Scripture Reflection Prayer)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋œป์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๊ธฐ ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€์„ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์ˆ™๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์„ฑ์ ์ธ ํƒ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ฃผ์„์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๊ตฌ์•ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ ์•ฝ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์‹  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋œป์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ทธ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ์˜๋„๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ? ์ฆ‰ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์†์— ๋‚ด๋ฉด์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ ๋ง์”€์˜ ํ–‰๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ (Midrash)๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์‹  ์„ฑํ’ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ์ƒ(๋‚ด๋ฉด ์˜์‹)์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ 3๋ถ„ ์ •๋„

๋„ท์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” “์ƒํ™ฉ ๋Œ€ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋„”(Situational Conversational Prayer)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ณ ๋œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜ ๋ง์”€์˜ ๋œป์„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ธฐ ๋„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฌต์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ(Imagination)์˜ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”(Visualization)์ด๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ช…์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜๋„ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜คํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ’€๋ ค๋ฉด ๋จผ์ € ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์— ๋†“๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ๋˜๋“ฏ์ด, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜ ๊ป˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹  ๋œป์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์‹  ๋ง์”€ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์˜ ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์—๋‹ค ๋†“๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‚ด ์‚ถ ์†์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ํก์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์˜์‹ ์†์—์„œ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์†์— ํŽธ์Šนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„ํ–‰๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ •์„œ(Feeling Emotion)๊ฐ€ ๋™ํ™”๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์† ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด ๋ง์”€ ์†์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ์„ฑ๋ น๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€, ๊ธฐ๋„์˜ ํ–ฅ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜ ๋ณด์ขŒ ์•ž์— ์Ÿ์•„์ง€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์† ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ์ž„์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์„ฑ์†Œ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ด€์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋„(Contemplative Prayer)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ 2๋ถ„ ์ •๋„.

๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”, “์ง€์„ฑ์†Œ ์นจ๋ฌต ๊ธฐ๋„”(Holy of Holies Silent Prayer)๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค. ์ง€์„ฑ์†Œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์ง ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์•ˆ์‹๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์˜ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์˜์ง€, ๊ฐ์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์ง ์ง๊ด€์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“ค๋ ค ์˜ค๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์Œ์„ฑ์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ค์ง ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ‰๊น”, ๋น›, ๋ชจ์–‘, ์ธ๋ฌผ, ๋œป, ์Œ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์˜ ์† ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์˜์‹์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ทนํ•œ ํ•˜๋Š˜์˜ ํ‰ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ž„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์จ์˜ ์ƒ˜๋ฌผ์ด ์‹ค๊ฐœ์ฒœ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ„ฐ์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€์„ฑ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ฒญ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฃผ๋‹˜์˜ ์˜๊ณผ ์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์šด ์—ฐํ•ฉ(Mystical Marriage with the Lord, Communion Sactorum)์ด ์šฐ๋กœ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ 3๋ถ„ ์ •๋„.

์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” “๋ง์”€ ํ˜„ํ˜„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋„”(Prayer of the Manifestation of the Word) ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ๋ฝ๋˜์‹  ๋ง์”€์ด ์ด์ œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์‚ถ ์†์—์„œ ์‹คํ˜„๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์˜์ง€๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์•ฝ์†์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์ง ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ๋‚ด ์‚ถ ์†์—์„œ ์ธ๋„ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ด์•„ ๊ฐˆ ๋ฟ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ง€๊ทนํ•œ ๊ธฐ์จ๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์œก์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ, ํ˜น์€ ๋ง์”€ ํ˜„ํ˜„์˜ ์‚ถ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ง์”€์ด ์‚ด์•„์ง€๋Š” ๋ง์”€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ ์ƒ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ™œ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜จ ์ข…์ผ.

์ผ๊ณฑ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” “์† ์‚ฌ๋„ํ–‰์ „์  ๊ธฐ๋„”(Inner Acts-style Prayer)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผํ‰์ƒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ๋‚ด ์†์— ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€์‹œ๋Š” ํ–‰์ ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜ “์ง€์„ฑ์†Œ ์นจ๋ฌต ๊ธฐ๋„”๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜ ์ด ์ฃผ์‹ ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฃจ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—, ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์‹  ์‚ถ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ(์ฒดํ—˜๋œ ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ) ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›—๋‚  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์˜์  ์ˆœ๋ก€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ์™€ ํ›„์†์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•œ ์† ์‚ฌ๋„ํ–‰์ „์  ๋ง์”€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์œผ๋กœ ์˜์›ํžˆ ๋‚จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ 2๋ถ„ ์ •๋„

(ํ•˜๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต์ƒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ด๋‚˜, ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ง์”€๋ฌต์ƒ์€ ์•ฝ 15๋ถ„๊ฐ„์ด๋ฉด ์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์ผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด 30๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ ๋ง์”€์ด๋‚˜, ๋ง์”€์— ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋˜์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์˜ ๋ง์”€๋„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๊นŠ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)

๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ง:

๋ง์”€์€ “์–ด๋ฆฐ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๋‚œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋น ์ ธ ์ฃฝ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค”(์„ฑ ์–ด ๊ฑฐ์Šคํ‹ด). ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ง์”€์˜ ๋ฌผ ์†์—๋งŒ ์ž ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ง์”€์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ž‘์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋ฐ๊ฐ„๋ฐ ์—†๊ณ , ์˜ค์ง ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๋งŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” “๋น„์›€”์˜ ์‚ถ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ ์†์— ๋ง์”€์ด ์‹ค์ฒœ๋˜๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šฐ์‹  ์Šน๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ณต๋œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ž์œ ์™€ ์•ˆ์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌํƒ„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด ํ˜ธ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋งŒ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ธ ๋ถ„๋…ธ์™€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ “์˜์œกํ˜ผ”์ด ์ž์œ  ํ•จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„, ์œก์  ์ •์‹ ์  ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์“ฐ์ž„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋„์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œ ๋ฐœ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€, ์ „์— ๋ง›๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ง์”€ ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋”์šฑ ์‚ฌ๋ชจํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜จ ์ข…์ผ ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์˜ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋จน๊ณ , ๊ทธ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ , ์†Œ์˜ ๋˜์‚ญ์ž„์งˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์ฆ ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์€ํ˜œ์™€ ์ถ•๋ณต์ด ์„ฑ๋„์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

[์ด ๊ธ€์€ 2001๋…„ 10์›” “์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜ ์ œ์ผ๊ตํšŒ” ์ˆ˜์–‘๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ฃผ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ฒœ ํˆฌ๋ฐ์ด ์ฃผ์ตœ๋กœ ์—ด๋ ธ๋˜ “์ œ3ํšŒ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ชฉํšŒ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜”์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋‹ค์Œ ํ˜ธ(Sep/Oct, 2002)์— ์‹ค๋ฆด “๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ตํšŒ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ‘์˜์„ฑ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰'”๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.]

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“The Seven Steps of the Ladder of Lectio Divina” (Scripture Meditation)

By Rev. TaeHun Yoon, Long Island Korean United Methodist Church, Commack, NY (Retired in 2014 from the Holston Annual Conference, Southeastern Jurisdiction)
(United Methodists in Service, July/August 2002, Volume 5, Number 4, pp. 16โ€“18)

The โ€œSeven Steps of the Ladder of Scripture Meditationโ€ is an adaptation of the traditional monastic method of Lectio Divina into the context of immigrant churches. This method, long practiced by monks in monasteries, has been reshaped to suit the everyday spiritual life of ordinary believersโ€”enabling them to draw closer to God and engage in deeper spiritual communion through the Word in the midst of their daily lives.

The term Lectio Divina originally referred to the way the Desert Fathers meditated on Scripture. It was later systematized into four stages (Lectio, Meditatio, Oratio, and Contemplatio) by Athanasius of Alexandria, and further developed and passed down by the monks of the Benedictine tradition.

Literally translated, Lectio Divina means “Divine Reading.” In Latin, Lectio means “teaching” or “instruction,” so the term has sometimes referred simply to the biblical text itself or to the act of reading. However, the original meaning goes much deeper. Lectio Divina is not merely a spiritual reading practice. For the Desert Fathers, Scripture was understood to be a “school of life” and a “school of prayer.” They believed the Word governed all rules of life and guided their daily activities. โ€œHave you heard the Word? That Word will surely do its work in you.โ€ For them, meditation, prayer, and life were not separateโ€”they were one. Meditation and prayer shaped their day, and the very act of living and laboring was itself a form of Scripture meditation and prayer. They believed their lives were the unfolding of the Incarnationโ€”the Word becoming fleshโ€”right in their midst.

With this same conviction, the program of the โ€œSeven Steps of the Ladder of Scripture Meditationโ€ was bornโ€”designed to apply and develop this spiritual tradition in the reality of immigrant church life. It seeks to make the Incarnation alive again in the daily lives of immigrants through the transformative power of Scripture meditation.

Basic Premise: Receptive Prayer

Beyond spoken words and written letters lies the deeper presence of Godโ€™s Word. To hear this profound voice of God, our inner being must first be open and lifted toward God in worshipful posture. There must be a reverent awe that blesses God and waits only for Him. In addition, our souls must be emptied and clear, creating the space necessary for God’s Word to enter. This is the stage of humility.

Only then can the spiritual dialogue with God and His Word flow freely and circulate within usโ€”this is the state of being filled with the Holy Spirit. These threeโ€”or perhaps moreโ€”conditions must be met to enter into what we call โ€œReceptive Prayer.โ€

Receptive prayer is not a monologue, but a spiritual communion based on the Word. If there is a prayer of request, there must also be a prayer of reception. If there is a prayer of offering, there must also be a prayer of receiving. If there is a โ€œspeakingโ€ prayer, there must also be a โ€œlisteningโ€ prayer. Listening prayer is receptive prayer. It is to actively welcome and acknowledge God, who desires to come to us dailyโ€”even moment by moment.

When the will and life of God effectively communicate through the channels of our personality (such as extroversion and introversion, sensing and intuition, feeling and thinking, tradition and receptivity), we experience the Word becoming flesh through our lives. This entire prayer process is what we call โ€œReceptive Prayer.โ€

Receptive prayer may take many forms, but it must be centered on Christ, beginning and ending in Him. When we entrust ourselves into Godโ€™s hands, God receives us, and through the act of offering ourselves, we too become able to receive God. This is the event of Immanuel happening within us.

If in our daily lives we continually engage in Word and prayer, and God is in us and we in Him, then the event of Immanuel is occurring. It is nothing less than the incarnation of the Word in our lives. A life where God is with usโ€”that is the most blessed life. The mystical union between the Church (believers) and Christโ€”this is the most blessed state.

Introduction to the 7-Step Ladder of Scripture Meditation

Step 1: Foundational Silent Prayer
Begin with quiet prayerโ€”this preparatory stage calms the mind and body after sleep or a hectic day. Sit comfortably, breathe deeply three times, then breathe evenly for 1โ€“2 minutes. Imagine yourself in your most peaceful inner placeโ€”a sanctuary crafted from your personality and habitsโ€”safe, secluded, and deeply restful.

Step 2: Scripture Internalization Prayer
Engage your five sensesโ€”sight, hearing, smell, taste, touchโ€”to absorb Scripture. Read or listen silently or aloud. Some may walk outdoors listening to audio Scripture. Use whatever medium connects you with the Word for about 3 minutes.

Step 3: Scripture Reflection Prayer
Delve into the context and meaning of the passage. Reflect intellectually with tools like commentaries. Reconstruct the biblical setting and consider Godโ€™s intent both then and now. Allow Midrash-like internal dialogue for about 3 minutes.

Step 4: Situational Conversational Prayer
Immerse yourself imaginatively into the Scripture scene. Visualize and resonate emotionally by identifying with a character or aspect of the passage. Let your feelings and spiritual being harmonize with the Holy Spirit. This contemplative encounter may bring tears as you enter the inner sanctuary of Godโ€™s presenceโ€”for about 2 minutes.

Step 5: Holy of Holies Silent Prayer
Now enter complete silence. In this stillnessโ€”where intellect, will, and emotions restโ€”you listen intuitively for Godโ€™s subtle voice. You receive whatever emerges: color, light, image, presence. Here the soul rests in divine peace. This is a moment of mystical unionโ€”about 3 minutes of listening.

Step 6: Prayer of the Manifestation of the Word
Allow the Scripture to come alive in your day. Without forcing it, let Godโ€™s guidance unfold naturally, accompanied by joy and spiritual power. This is living the Word, day-long.

Step 7: Inner-Acts Style Recording Prayer
Track your spiritual journey. After the silent prayer, write down what came to you. Then, at dayโ€™s end, journal how Scripture unfolded in your life. Twice-daily entries become a precious personal narrativeโ€”your own inner Book of Actsโ€”for about 2 minutes each time.

A daily session of around 15 minutes is ideal; if it exceeds 30 minutes, simplify by focusing on one verse without multiple layers of interpretation.

Closing Reflection
As St. Augustine said, scripture is water shallow enough for a child to splash but deep enough to drown an elephant. When we immerse ourselves, the Word shapes us into Christ-like vessels. In this โ€œemptying,โ€ Christ shines through. The practice brings true freedom, rest, emotional and spiritual healing, and empowerment for leadership in Godโ€™s mission. It fosters a lifelong delight in one verse of Scriptureโ€”repeatedly meditating on it like a cow chewing cudโ€”and joyfully conversing with God throughout the day.


This presentation was delivered at the 3rd 21st-Century Pastoral Leadership Seminar (October 2001, Argentina First Church Retreat). It ties into the upcoming article โ€œSpiritual Clinic for a Healthy Church, Abounding Spiritualityโ€ in the Sept/Oct 2002 issue of United Methodists in Service.

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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ตํšŒ, ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ “์˜์„ฑ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰” (2002๋…„ /11์›” &12 ์›”, ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค), United Methodists in Service, www.koreanumc.org, 14-17 ๋ฉด

ํ•„์ž์ธ ์œคํƒœํ—Œ ๋ชฉ์‹œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ(2002) ํ…Œ๋„ค์‹œ ์ฃผ ์กด์Šจ : ์‹œ์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ James H Quillen VA Medical Center์—์„œ Staff Chaplin๊ฒธ Clinical Pastoral Educaton Supervisor Resident๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฌดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. http://www.taehunyoon.com (2014๋…„ 6์›”์— ํ…Œ๋„ค์‹œ ํ™€์Šคํ†ค ์—ฐํšŒ์—์„œ ์€ํ‡ด)

[์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š”์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค 2002๋…„ 7-8์›” ํ˜ธ 16-18 ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธ€,”๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ 7๋‹จ๊ณ„”์™€ ์—ฐ ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๋‹ค.]


๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ง :


“์˜์„ฑ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰(Integral Spirituality Clinic ์€ ‘๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€’๋ฅผ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ‘์‚ถ์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ’์„ ํ’์„ฑํžˆ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์—๋ด ๋™์‚ฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ์‹œ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ ๋ฝํ•˜์…จ๋˜ ์‚ถ์€ ‘๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ ’ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์กด๊ท€ํ•œ ์‚ถ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ถ์„ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๊ณ  ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ง›๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„ ๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ๋•๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ “์˜์„ฑ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰”์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ์ค„๋กœ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค.

์—๋ด ๋™์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ณ  ์•„ ๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ ์ฐฉ์˜ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊นจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œ์™ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋„ ํ•œ๊บผ๋ฒˆ์— ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ์–ด ์ง„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ์ค€๋‹ค. ์‚ถ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์–ต๋ˆŒ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋งค ์ผ ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒ˜, ์‚ถ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ๋ ฅํ•ด์ง, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ๊ฒฐ ์—ฌ, ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜ ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ๋ฌธ ์ œ, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ฐ, ๊ธฐ์จ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ตํšŒ ๋ด‰์‚ฌ, ๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์ž๋…€ ์‚ฌ์ด ํ˜น์€ ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ ๋‘ฅ๋‘ฅ. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์†Œ์™ธ๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ตฐ์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋Š˜์ƒ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์•„ํ””๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋“ค ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์—๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๊ฐ€ ์Œ“์—ฌ ์žˆ์–ด, ์ด ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ๊ทธ๋Š˜ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์€ ๋ฐ”์šธ์ด ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์”€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ํ•ด๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๊ธธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ธธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์œ  ์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๋„๋ก ๊ถŒ๋ฉดํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. “์ฃผ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ปํ•˜๋ผ ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋…ธ๋‹ˆ ๊ธฐ๋ปํ•˜๋ผ ๋„ˆํฌ ๊ด€์šฉ์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ผ ์ฃผ๊ป˜์„œ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šฐ์‹œ๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—ผ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ์˜ค์ง ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์— ๊ธฐ๋„ ์™€ ๊ฐ„๊ตฌ๋กœ, ๋„ˆํฌ ๊ตฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•จ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์•„๋ขฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€๊ฐ์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ•์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋„ˆํฌ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค์‹œ๋ฆฌ๋ผ”(๋นŒ 4: 4-7). ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ๊ฒช๋“ ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜๋‹˜์„ ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์•„๋ขธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ง€์ผœ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ  ํ‰์•ˆํ•จ์„ ์ฃผ์‹ ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ‰์•ˆ ํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ‘๊ด€์šฉ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ํ‰๊ฐ•์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ๋งŒ๋“œ์‹  ์—๋ด ๋™์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดˆ์„์„ ์„ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ , ์ธ๋„ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜๋‹˜์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋ปํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์—๋ด ๋™์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฟˆ ๊ฟ€ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜๋‹˜ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๊ณ , ์ด์›ƒ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์จ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

“์˜์„ฑ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋‹‰”์ด ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์œ ์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์จ๊ณผ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ด๋„๋ก ๋•๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์†Œ๊ทธ๋ฆ… ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ •๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ƒํ™œ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋ฅด์‹œ๋„์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์จ์˜ ์ƒ˜๋ฌผ์ด ํ„ฐ์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค.

์˜์„ฑํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰ ์‚ผ๋‹จ๊ณ„:

“์˜์„ฑ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰” (Integral Spirituality Clinic)์€ ์‚ผ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ‘์ž์•„ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ํ›ˆ๋ จ’ ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ‘๊ด€๊ณ„์  ์ž์•„ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ํ›ˆ๋ จ’ ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ‘์ฑ…์ž„์  ์ž์•„ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ํ›ˆ๋ จ’ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

  1. ‘์ž์•„ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ํ›ˆ๋ จ’ ๋‹จ๊ณ„

๊ธฐ์ดˆํŽธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” “๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ'(Rejoicing in Christ clinic)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด, ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” “๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ” ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ด 14ํšŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด “๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต์ƒ” (Lectio Divina) ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ง์”€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์„ ์‚ถ ์†์—์„œ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ด๋„๋ก ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ์€ 7ํšŒ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ „์— ์ค€๋น„๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator) ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์™€ “๋ฌต์ƒ๊ธฐ๋„”(Focusing) ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด๋‹ค.

MBTI(Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฐธ์„์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์™ธํ–ฅ, ๋‚ดํ–ฅ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ, ์ง๊ด€, ์‚ฌ๊ณ , ๊ฐ์ •, ํŒ๋‹จ, ์ธ์‹ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 16๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์„ฑํ’ˆ์„ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ ๋กœ ์ •๋ˆํ•ด ๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์‹  ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ ๋‹ค. ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ข€๋” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ํšŒ์— ์ด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

“๋ฌต์ƒ๊ธฐ๋„”(Focusing) ํ›ˆ๋ จ์€ ์œ ์ง„ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ(Dr. Eugene T. Gendlin)๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ•œ ๋ฌต์ƒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‘์šฉํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž์‹  ๋‚ด๋ฉด ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒ˜์™€ ๋ถ„๋…ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทผ์‹ฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒด๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•  ๋•Œ ์„ฑ๋ น๊ป˜์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ฉด ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ๋ น๊ป˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ ๋‹ค. ์ฒซํšŒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 6ํšŒ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์˜ฌ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ›„์—, “๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต ์ƒ”(Lectio Divina) ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. MBTI ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฐธ์„์ž๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฌต์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. 1-6ํšŒ ๋•Œ๊นŒ ์ง€๋Š” “๋ฌต์ƒ๊ธฐ๋„”(Focusing) ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šตํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ง€๊ธˆ 7ํšŒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Š” “๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต์ƒ” ์ „์— ๋งค๋ฒˆ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ฐ›์€ “๋ฌต์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋„” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ ํ›„, “๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต์ƒ”์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค.

์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ “๋ฌต์ƒ๊ธฐ๋„”(Focusing) ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ณผ “๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต์ƒ”(Lectio Divina) ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ƒํ™œํ™”๋œ ์˜์ ์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ์ฐธ์„์ž๋“ค์€ ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋А ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋“ ์ง€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์˜์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ น๊ป˜์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ถ์— ์˜ค์…”์„œ ์ธ๋„ํ•˜์‹ฌ์„ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ์„์ž ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๋ น์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋งก๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทผ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋…ธ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ธธ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋„์˜ ์‚ถ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ ๋ฌต์ƒ์˜ ์‚ถ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜•์–ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ž์œ ์˜ ์ฒดํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋กœ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐ์จ์ด ์ถฉ๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตด๊ณก๋˜๊ณ  ์žƒ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์—์„œ, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹  ์ง„์‹คํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

์ฐธ๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ฒฉ์€ 18์„ธ ์ด์ƒ(๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์กธ์—…)์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋งค ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ตœ๋Œ€ 20๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ค๊ธฐ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ํŽธ์„ ๋งˆ์นœ ํ›„ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 3-6๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒํ™œ ์†์—์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์Œ“์€ ํ›„ ์ค‘๊ธ‰ํŽธ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2. ๊ด€๊ณ„์  ์ž์•„ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ํ›ˆ๋ จ’ ๋‹จ๊ณ„

์ค‘๊ธ‰ํŽธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” “๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‚ถ”(Team Spirit Clinic)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ฐ ์ œ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ƒ์„ฑ”์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” “๊ฐœ์ธ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰”์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด€์šฉ๊ณผ ์šฉ๋‚ฉ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ, ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋ณ€ํ˜•, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” “๋ถ€๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์•ฝํ˜ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰”์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ถ€์˜ ํ˜ผ์„  ์ •๋„ ์ ๊ฒ€, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ํ›ˆ๋ จ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ถ€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ณผ์ •์€ “์ž๋…€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ • ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰”์ด๋‹ค. ์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ • ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰์„ ์ค‘๊ธ‰ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋‘๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž๋…€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋กœ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ž๋…€์™€์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›์น™์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋‚ด, ์ž์ฒด ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ผ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€, ์ž๋…€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ, ์ž๋…€์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ–‰๋™, ๋Œ€์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ, ๋ถ„๋…ธ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ, ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ณต๋ถ€ ์Šต๊ด€, ์ž๋ƒ์˜ ์ž์กด์‹ฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณ„ํš ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ค‘๊ธ‰ํŽธ์„ ๋งˆ์นœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ 3-6๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์‚ถ ์†์—์„œ ์ƒํ™œํ™” ํ•œ ํ›„, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ดˆํŽธ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ธ‰ํŽธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ƒํ™œํŽธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3. ‘์ฑ…์ž„์  ์ž์•„ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ํ›ˆ๋ จ’ ๋‹จ๊ณ„

๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ƒํ™œํŽธ์ธ ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” “๋ชจํ‰ ์ด ๋Œ”(Comer Stone Clinic)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ฐ ์ œ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” “๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์ƒ์„ฑ”์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์› ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ, ์Šค๋ฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ์—ญ (Stephen Ministries), ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ, ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆœ์„ ๋ฐŸ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ž‘ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์› ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๋Š” ํ•˜๋Š˜ ๋ณด์ขŒ์™€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์‹œ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณ ๋‚œ ์†์— ์ž์ฒ˜ํ•ด์„œ ์˜ค์‹  ๋ถ„์ด์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ณ ๋‚œ์„ ์ž์ฒ˜ํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„ (The One who had suffered on his own initiative.)์ด์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ (่‡ช้ก˜ๅฅ‰ไป•, Voluntary Suffering)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋… ์ •์‹  ์œ„์— ์„ธ์šด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ž
์› ์ •์‹ ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋„ ์œ ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๊ณผ์–ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ์ž์›๋Œ€ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ ์ž์›๋Œ€, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋งˆ์„์˜ ํ–‰์ • ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์˜ Planning Boardy๋‚˜ Zoning Board, ํ•™๊ตฐ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ต์œก ์œ„์›๋„ ์ž์› ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด๊ณ , ์ง€์—ญ ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ๋‚˜ ์ž„์›๋“ค๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž์› ๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์›๋„ ์ž์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ—Œ์‹ ์ž๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ž์›์˜ ํ—Œ์‹ ์ด ์ง„์ • ํ•˜๋Š˜์˜ ๋ณ€์น˜ ์•Š๋Š” ์ •๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•๋ฌผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋„˜์ณ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค๋„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น๋‹นํžˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ชซ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด, ๊ตํšŒ, ์‚ฌํšŒ, ๊ฐ€์ •, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ธ ์‚ถ์— ์ผ์ฒด๊ฐ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ์‚ถ์˜ ํ’์กฑํ•จ ๊ณผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ง€๊ทนํ•œ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ์ž์‹  ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋งก๊ฒจ ์ฃผ์‹  ์‚ฌ๋ช…์„ ๊นจ ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์จ์˜ ์ƒ˜๋ฌผ์ด ํ„ฐ์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์‚ถ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณ‘์ƒ‰์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. ์ž‘์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์Šค๋„ ํ˜น์€ ์ต๋ช…์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๋กœ์„œ ์˜ ์›ํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์ด ๋•…์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฐธ ์ œ์ž ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋น›์„ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐธ ์œผ๋กœ ํ›„์†์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

‘์˜์„ฑ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰’์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์‹œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๋„์ž ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒํ™œํŽธ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜์‹  ๋ถ„์ด ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. “ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ˆ””(Certified Clinic Leadership Training)์ด๋ž€ ์ฃผ์ œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ง€๋„์ž ์ž๊ฒฉ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‚ถ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ฒญ, ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„, ์žƒ์€ ์ž๋ฅผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‚ถ์—๋กœ ์ดˆ์ฒญ, Clinical Pastoral Education, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์›ƒ์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์จ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

์‹ค๋ก€ :

ํ•„์ž๋Š” ์ฝ”๋งฅ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ตํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ชฉํšŒํ•  ๋ฌด๋ ต, ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ต์šฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ํด๋ž˜์Šค ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค, ํ™”๊ธฐ์• ์• ํ•œ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌต์ƒ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค, ์€ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํด๋ž˜์Šค ์†์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์ด “๋ฌต์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋„”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌต์ƒํ•œ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ๋•Œ, ์ฐธ์„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฌธ์ด ์—ด๋ ค์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๋ง‰ํžŒ ๋‹ด์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ ธ ๋‚ด ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ์œ„๋กœ์™€ ์น˜์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์–ด๋А ์„ฑ๋„๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์‹์  ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ œ๋ชฉ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๋ฌด์˜์‹ ์†์— ์žŠํ˜€์กŒ๋˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ์ƒ์ฒ˜์™€ ์น˜์œ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ œ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„ ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ น์˜ ๊ฐ•๊ฒฝํ•˜์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์–ด๋А ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์–ด๋ ค ์›€์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘์—, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ œ๋ชฉ์€ ‘๊ฐฑ๋…„๊ธฐ’๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋†“๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ถ„์€ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์„ฑ๋ น๊ป˜์„œ ์œ„๋กœํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ์ฒดํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ์€ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ ๊ธฐ๋„๋‚˜ ๋ถ€ํฅํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์€ํ˜œ์™€ ์˜์„ฑ ๋ชป์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ œํ•œ ์—†์ด ๋ฌต์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”์œ ์ด๋ฏผ ์ƒํ™œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋”์šฑ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์˜์„ฑ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค.

“์˜์„ฑ ํด๋ฆฌ๋‹‰” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋”์šฑ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „, ๊ธด์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํšŒ์—์„œ ์ž„์›๋“ค๋งŒ ๋”ฐ๋กœ 3๋ฐ• 4์ผ ์ •๋„ ์ˆ˜์–‘ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒธํ•ด ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•ด๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ›์œผ์‹  ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ๋‹˜์ด ๊ฐ ๊ตํšŒ์—์„œ ์ธ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ์ง€ ๋ฒŒ์จ 6๋…„์ด ๋ž€ ์„ธ์›”์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ์ •์ฐฉ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์ • ๋ณด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋…์ž๋“ค์€ ์–ธ ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ํ•„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๋ฝ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค.

๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ง:

ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ ๋‚˜์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ฆฝ๋  ๋•Œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๋น„๋กœ์„œ ์‹๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์›ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์˜์›ํ•œ ํƒ€์ž์ด์‹  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด (ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ ํšŒ๋ณต) ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹๊ตฌ์™€ ์ด์›ƒ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด ๋•…์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ธ ์—๋ด์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๋„์š” ์„ ๊ต๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•„์ž๋Š” ๊ตณ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ณต๋œ ์ž์•„, ๊ฐ€์ •, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ๋•Œ ๋น„๋กœ์„œ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„์ „๊ณผ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์—ญํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉํšŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ตํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•˜์‹  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์‹ฌ์— ์˜์  ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํฉ์–ด์ ธ ํ—Œ์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ธ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋น„์ „์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€ํ‰์„ ์ด ์—ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋งˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.


๊ธ€- ์œคํƒœํ—Œ ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ, James H Quinlan VA Medical Center, TN


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“โ€˜Spiritual Clinicโ€™ for a Healthy Church and Abundant Spirituality”

November & December 2002, United Methodists in Service, http://www.koreanumc.org, pp. 14โ€“17

Rev. Taehun Yoon, the author of this article, is currently (as of 2002) serving as Staff Chaplain and Clinical Pastoral Education Supervisor Resident at the James H. Quillen VA Medical Center in Johnson City, Tennessee. www.taehunyoon.com (He has been retired from the appointed ministry since June 2014.)

[This article is best read in conjunction with the one titled โ€œThe Seven Steps of Scripture Meditation,โ€ published in the Julyโ€“August 2002 issue of United Methodists in Service, pp. 16โ€“18.]


Introduction:

The “Integral Spirituality Clinic” is a program designed to help modern peopleโ€”living in an age of uncertaintyโ€”discover and practice the abundant joy of life in Christ. The life God granted to humanity in the Garden of Eden was โ€œvery good,โ€ healthy, and dignified. This program, “Spiritual Clinic,” aims to help people dream of such a life and experience glimpses of it here and now. Through this program, we believe the church can become healthier and grow stronger.

In Eden, humanity lived joyfully and beautifully in right relationship with God. However, due to human misjudgment, that relationship was broken, and people became alienated from God. At the same time, all other human relationships began to fall apart. Broken relationships cause wounds. These wounds result from the pressures and oppressive conditions of daily life: loss of meaning, lethargy, lack of confidence, unchanged personality traits despite earnest faith life, anxiety, joyless service in the church, broken relationships with spouses, children, or others, etc. These are the painful realities experienced by those alienated from God. Consequently, fear and anger accumulate in our hearts, and we live enslaved under the shadow of these emotions.

Through the words of Paul, God offers a path of liberation from this slavery and invites us to live a free life:
“Rejoice in the Lord always. I will say it again: Rejoice! Let your gentleness be evident to all. The Lord is near. Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.โ€ (Philippians 4:4โ€“7)

Whatever circumstances we may face, we can turn to God in faith through Christ. In this process, God guards our hearts and minds and grants us peace. With this peace, we can treat others with gentleness. As a result, we can form communities of peace. We begin to lay a foundation for the Eden that God created. When we think of Jesus who walks with us and guides us through this whole process, we are filled with joy. As we dream of the Eden to come, we find happiness. In Christ, our relationship with God is restored, and our relationships with others are also renewed. Thus, we gain a life of joy.

This is precisely what the “Spiritual Clinic” seeks to pursue: to help us become free people in Christ, living in joy and happiness. When practiced in small group settings over a set period, this training leads to the overflowing of the fountain of joy that God gives us through the mind of Christ.


Three Stages of the Spiritual Clinic:

The โ€œSpiritual Clinicโ€ (Integral Spirituality Clinic) consists of three stages:

  1. Transforming the Ego-Self (Self-Identity Formation)
  2. Transforming the Relational Self
  3. Transforming the Responsible Self

โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”โ€”-

  1. Transforming the Ego-Self (Self-Identity Formation)

This stage, which can be called the Introductory Level, is based on the theme โ€œRejoicing in Christ Clinic.โ€ As the name suggests, the goal of this stage is to restore the โ€œindividual image of Godโ€ in each participant.

This stage consists of a total of 14 sessions. The core training focus of this stage is Lectio Divina (Scriptural Meditation). Participants are trained to live out the teachings received through Scripture and prayer in their daily lives. This training begins from session 7. Before this, participants go through a preparatory process, which includes the MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) test and Focusing Prayer training.

The MBTI test helps participants discover their personality type. This psychological tool categorizes people into 16 types based on functions like extroversion/introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judging/perceiving. Through this, participants come to recognize the personality traits God has given them. Gaining this self-understanding helps them begin their spiritual journey. The MBTI test is administered during the first session.

Focusing Prayer is a meditative prayer method adapted from the work of Dr. Eugene T. Gendlin. Through this training, participants learn to pray deeply and become aware of inner wounds, anger, and sources of anxiety. As the Holy Spirit joins them in prayer, these hidden issues are revealed and gradually healed through deeper communion with God. Sessions 1 through 6 focus on this training.

After completing this phase, participants begin the Lectio Divina training. Using the insights gained from their MBTI results, they engage in meditating on different biblical passages tailored to their personality types. While sessions 1โ€“6 introduced and practiced Focusing Prayer, starting from session 7, each meeting begins with Focusing Prayer followed by Lectio Divina.

Through this combination of Focusing Prayer and Lectio Divina, participants gain practical spiritual tools they can use to engage in intimate dialogue with God anywhere, anytime. They experience the direct guidance of the Holy Spirit in their lives. They are trained to entrust their personal struggles to the Spiritโ€™s work, leading to healing and transformation. As a result, they move from anxiety and anger into a life of authentic prayer and meditationโ€”true conversation with God. This brings them into a liberating and indescribable experience of freedom, overflowing with joy, because they rediscover their true selves as created by God, beyond the distorted and lost self.

Eligibility: Participants must be 18 years or older (high school graduates), and each clinic is limited to a maximum of 20 people to ensure quality of training and interaction. Since this program is focused more on practical training than on theory, this small-group format is essential. After completing the Introductory Level, participants are expected to practice these disciplines in their daily lives for 3 to 6 months before advancing to the Intermediate Level.

2. Transforming the Relational Self

This stage, which can be called the Intermediate Level, is titled “Team Spirit Clinic.” The goal of this stage is to train participants for the formation of a foundational community.

This stage consists of three main processes:

  1. Personal Clinic:
    In the first process, participants receive training in tolerance and acceptance, transforming thought patterns, and developing creative thinking.
  2. Clinic for Married or Engaged Couples:
    In the second process, participants assess the level of confusion or conflict in the relationship, receive training in cooperative communication, and engage in therapeutic work for strengthening marital relationships.
  3. Family Clinic with Children:
    The final process is a family clinic with children. This is placed at the end of the intermediate level because most childrenโ€™s issues stem from emotional wounds and unhealed experiences during their development, often influenced by their parents. Therefore, parental healing is a prerequisite before addressing the childโ€™s issues. In this process, training is divided into several areas:
    • Parental guidance
    • Self-assessment
    • Stress evaluation
    • Parental perspectives
    • Parental roles and work
    • Parent-child dynamics
    • Child development training
    • Social behavior of children
    • Interpersonal relationships
    • Problem-solving skills
    • Anger resolution
    • Independent study habits
    • Childrenโ€™s self-esteem
    • Planning for the future

Even after completing the Intermediate Level, participants are expected to continue practicing in their daily lives for 3 to 6 months before moving on to the final stage.

The Introductory and Intermediate Levels are considered preparation stages for the final โ€œLife Integration Stage.โ€

3. Transforming the Responsible Self

The final stage, known as the Life Integration Stage, is titled “Cornerstone Clinic.” The focus of this stage is on developing responsible foundational communities.

To achieve this, participants undergo training through various steps such as:

  • Volunteerism,
  • The Joy of Christ,
  • Stephen Ministries,
  • The Joy of the Creative Image, and
  • The Joy of Life Together.

At this stage, special emphasis is placed on the attitude of a volunteer to nurture a sense of social responsibility.
Christ voluntarily left the glory of heaven and came into the suffering of humanity.
He is โ€œThe One who suffered on His own initiative.โ€
This can be simply described as Voluntary Suffering (่‡ช้ก˜ๅฅ‰ไป•).
It would not be an exaggeration to say that the United States, founded on Christian values, is still sustained today by this very spirit of volunteerism.
Police reserves, fire department auxiliaries, even local administrative units such as the Planning Board or Zoning Board, as well as school board members and community organization leaders, are mostly volunteers.
All church members, too, are voluntary servants.

Such voluntary commitment brings us unfading joy like pure gold from heaven, flowing over like a river.
As Christians, we are trained to boldly take part in society in this way.

After completing this final stage, participants begin to experience a profound integration in their church, society, family, and personal life.
They live with a deep sense of fulfillment, abundance, and joy, recognizing the unique mission God has entrusted to them.
From this, a spring of joy bursts forth.
Worries, meaninglessness, and the symptoms of inner illness vanish.
They begin to live as a little Christ or anonymous Christ, embodying eternal life here on earth.

They become true disciples of the Lord who transcend time and space, casting the light of Christ far and wideโ€”even to future generations.


For those who wish to become leaders of the Spirituality Clinic, there is a leadership training stage available, which one can join after completing the Life Integration Stage.

This leadership training is titled “Great Sharing” (Certified Clinic Leadership Training).
In this phase, participants are trained in:

  • Living in community,
  • Listening deeply,
  • Sharing experiences and expressions,
  • Inviting the lost into life together,
  • Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE), and
  • Joy in serving neighbors.

This training prepares participants to become certified leaders who can guide others through the full journey of the Spirituality Clinic.

Example:

While the author was pastoring at Comac United Methodist Church, he implemented this program with the congregation. Every class was filled with a warm and joyful atmosphere. Each time the participants engaged in meditation, they experienced Godโ€™s grace. As they prayed together and shared their reflections on the Word, their inner selves opened up, walls of resistance crumbled, and they encountered Godโ€™s comfort and healing.

One church member, for example, came to realize that although her conscious prayer topic was about financial difficulties, the Holy Spirit led her to uncover a deeper, unconscious wound: the fear stemming from her transition through menopause. She then began to pray specifically about that fear, and through the process, experienced the comforting presence of the Holy Spirit.

This training offers spiritual power that is just as profound as the grace received during early morning prayer or revival services. Its flexibilityโ€”in terms of time and locationโ€”makes it especially well-suited to the busy lives of Korean immigrants. Meditation can be practiced anytime, anywhere, without constraint. The โ€œSpiritual Clinicโ€ program is even more effective when spouses participate together. It can also be helpful for churches experiencing tension to conduct a 3-night, 4-day retreat exclusively for church leaders, before conflicts become more serious. Trained pastors can lead this program in their own congregations.

It has already been six years since the program began. At first, it went through many trial-and-error stages due to a lack of experience and understanding. But now, it has become more stabilized. If any readers would like more detailed information or further discussion, please feel free to contact the author.


Conclusion:

When our relationship with God is properly and healthily established, we ourselves become whole and healthy. Only then can we begin to build happy and healthy relationships with others. In this process, our relationship with the Eternal Otherโ€”Godโ€”becomes a shared and beautiful relationship, and as our relationships with our neighbors are restored, we begin to build the Kingdom of God, Eden, here on earth. This, I firmly believe, is what evangelism and mission are all about.

A blessed self, a blessed family, and a blessed community come from discovering our true selves. To minister and lead with this vision and sense of direction is, in my view, a faithful response by spiritual leaders to God’s calling for the Korean Church. I sincerely hope that a new horizon opens for the vision of Korean leaders who are faithfully serving around the world.

Written by Rev. Taehun Yoon,
James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, TN

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THE TRANSFORMING PRAXIS TOWARD ECCLESIOGENESIS (Bibliography) New York, 1995

Abbott, K., & Abbey, E., “Juvenile Delinquency in San Francisco’s Chinese-American Community” Journal of Sociology . 1968, 45-56.

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The Church in a Multicultural Context, Capacity Building and Evaluation for Transformative Ministry, (Chapter 11) New York 1995

1. Assessment of Pastoral Capacity

The research group members who studied and evaluated this task went through three stages. The first team, formed in 1990 when this research project began at Embury Church, consisted of seven members: Wanhee Yoon, Jean Liling, Edna Mai Quibell, Cliff Quibell, Lester Forrester, Matthew Singh, and Judy Singh. The second research group, formed between 1991 and 1993, was composed of seven members centered on Korean members of the Hallelujah United Methodist Church who established the interdenominational Korean-American Womenโ€™s United Missionary Society: Inkyung Choi, Yunkyung Choi, Hyekyung Min, Youngja Kim, Joy Park, Kwansu Kim, and Geumok Kim. The final third research group, from 1993 until March 1995, was composed of six members centered on Korean members of Lawrence Korean Church, where the pastor was appointed on October 1, 1993: Yongok Kim, Choonghee Lee, Yongbum Park, Youngkeun Jang, Yongdae Lee, and Sanghwi Kim. For all subsequent research group data, please refer to Appendix A.

Pastoral capacity evaluation was conducted four times and involved two stages. After the project began in September 1990, the Embury Church research group and the first pastoral evaluation took place between October 30 and November 13, 1990. Six research group members gathered in one place where the author explained the questionnaire. Then, they took the questionnaire home, completed it, and returned it to the author. This was a survey of the Embury Church research groupโ€™s expectations of the pastorโ€™s role.

The second pastoral evaluation, belonging to the first stage, was conducted between September and November 1991 by nine members of the Pastor Parish Relations Committee, which serves as a bridge between pastors and congregants within the official organization of Embury Church after one year of project experimentation. The nine committee members gathered in one place to hear the authorโ€™s explanation of the questionnaire, took the questionnaire home, completed it, and submitted it to the committee chairperson, who compiled the results and returned them to the author. The questionnaire used was the pastor evaluation questionnaire employed in several annual conferences of the United Methodist Church [see Appendix A].

The second stage of pastoral evaluation occurred in June 1994, two and a half years later, when the third pastoral capacity evaluation was completed with responses from three of the six members of the Lawrence Church research group. After each research group member received the authorโ€™s explanation, they took the questionnaire home, completed it, and mailed it individually to National Computer Systems. The author also completed and sent a separate questionnaire designed exclusively for leaders. The material used at this time was the Campbell Leadership Development Survey (CLI), consisting of 100 questions (the leaderโ€™s version had 320 questions). Based on the computer analysis results, an eight-hour workshop was held on August 24 in Princeton.

The final, fourth pastoral capacity evaluation conducted in the second stage was performed using the Kouzes/Posner Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI). The questionnaire, consisting of 30 questions [see results in Appendix A], was completed in September 1994. The six research group members gathered in one place to hear the authorโ€™s explanation, completed the questionnaire on the spot, and the author collected and mailed them to a “Creative Church Leadership” trainer of the United Methodist Church New York Annual Conference in advance. The author completed a separate questionnaire consisting of 15 questions for comparison. The evaluation results were shared on October 18, 1994, with about 20 pastors from the United Methodist Church New York Annual Conference participating in the “Creative Church Leadership” training.

2. Setting the Areas for Pastoral Capacity Development

To practice transformative church formation, it is necessary to establish a Korean church for Korean-American bicultural families attending existing American churches. For these families, and to fulfill the mission of liberating women through bicultural families and especially humanizing the Korean immigrant community in society, the pastor must develop abilities in the following two areas:

1) Leadership Ability

  1. Leadership requires a clear self-identity and a definite leader. Leadership development, particularly for starting Korean-language congregations within existing American churches and establishing institutions for humanizing the Korean community, can be divided into two major aspects: first, humanity; second, mindset. A leaderโ€™s humanity consists of (1) fearless challenge toward new tasks, (2) wholehearted dedication to the work, and (3) coordination skills. For leadership development, it was decided to focus primarily on five areas:
  • (1) Challenging new tasks,
  • (2) Inspiring others with a newly built vision,
  • (3) Facilitating everything so others can act,
  • (4) Setting a good example to follow,
  • (5) Instilling the courage to believe โ€œit can be done.โ€

Secondly, because leadership involves planning and promoting new initiatives, improving the mindset will greatly affect the effectiveness of such work. Therefore, leaders should equip themselves with โ€œthinking tools.โ€

2) Counseling Ability

To help those who have lost themselves through alienation, psychoanalysis and counseling therapy are used to discover the true selves beneath their distorted identities. Through psychoanalysis and counseling, the process of self-confirmationโ€”i.e., identity confirmationโ€”is carried out. Afterward, the conscious self moves toward the dehumanized community. Especially for leaders, analytical and counseling skills are urgently required in todayโ€™s era. As community formation grows, there is an increasing need for leaders who understand human relationships and can heal wounded relationships. Since the family is the foundation of the world, it is believed that marital relationships hold the key to resolving all human relationships, making counseling and therapy methods for couples very important.


3. Implementation Strategies for Developing Pastoral Competency

To develop effective and capable leadership, thirteen senior pastors received a five-day training program provided by The Center for Creative Church Leadership from July 10 to 14, 1993. The training was led by Dr. James Pat Carlisle. It consisted of two major parts: first, Creative Leadership, and second, Six Thinking Hats. In addition, for the development of counseling ability, my wife and I participated in a two-day Relationship Therapy training from July 9 to 10, 1994, led by Dr. Harville Hendrix, which included a real couple undergoing divorce proceedings. Furthermore, from July 14 to 16, 1994, I attended a summer institute in Cincinnati, Ohio, hosted by the University of Minnesota, where 45 mental health professionals received training in psychoanalysis and counseling using the MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2).


1) Leadership Development

The purpose of leadership development is to plan for growth, to share spiritual richness with others, and to affirm life and its meaning through cooperative work, aiming to build a truly equal community where no one is an owner but all are servants of Christ. Authentic creative leadership is thus essential.

The creative leadership training was organized into four areas:

  1. The challenge of leadership
  2. Credibility
  3. Persuasive negotiation techniques
  4. Meditative prayer practices

First: The Challenge of Leadership 1

Conducted over seven hours, the first session introduced creative leadership as the ability to move Christians beyond a victim mentality. Training was delivered in the following five domains, each for one hour:

  1. Challenging the status quo: This involves questioning all ongoing processes by:
    • Seeking every possible opportunity
    • Taking risks and embracing trial and error
  2. Inspiring a shared vision:
    • Envisioning and imagining the future while setting concrete goals
    • Exploring all possible future scenarios
  3. Enabling others to act:
    • Encouraging collaboration and nurturing
    • Empowering others to be strong
  4. Modeling the way:
    • Setting an example
    • Creating small wins that foster a sense of accomplishment
  5. Encouraging the heart:
    • Showing gratitude for personal contributions
    • Celebrating achievements together

Second: Credibility 2

The key to leadership lies in relationships, and relationships depend on trust. Leadership without credibility is ineffective. The core of trust is honesty. In surveys conducted among Americans, honesty consistently ranked first among desirable leadership qualitiesโ€”83% in 1987 and 87% in 1993. 3

The trust-building process moves through cycles of:

  • Clarity
  • Union
  • Focus
  • Returning to clarity

These three components must remain interconnected. Training in trust development includes six steps:

  1. Discovering the self
  2. Appreciating the components of one’s character
  3. Affirming shared values
  4. Developing receptivity
  5. Serving a purpose
  6. Sustaining hope

Third: Persuasive Negotiation Techniques 4

What is the best way to work with people who are different? How can agreement be reached?

  1. Identify the real issue:
    Arguing over positions leads to poor agreements, is ineffective, and can damage long-term relationshipsโ€”especially when multiple groups are involved.
  2. Apply key principles:
    • People must come before positions in negotiations.
    • Every negotiator has two concerns: the issue and the relationship.
    • Conflicts often entangle both.
    Therefore, we must separate the relationship from the issue and address interpersonal challenges directly.

Methods include:

  • Separate people from the problem:
    (i) Take the otherโ€™s perspective
    (ii) Accept emotions without mirroring them
    (iii) Practice active listening
    (iv) Focus on solving issues, not confronting people
  • Focus on interests, not positions
  • Generate options for mutual gain
  • Insist on objective criteria

Fourth: Meditative Prayer Practices 5

This prayer method helps leaders remain centered whether in the midst of events or planning alone. It supports physical and emotional regulation during stress and promotes overall health. I incorporated Danjeon breathing 6 and Christian yoga 7 into the practice.

Steps include:

  1. Sit or lie down comfortably. Perform abdominal breathing (Danjeon breathing) for 3 minutes.
  2. Clear a Space:
    • Ask yourself, โ€œHow am I?โ€
    • Let your body respond.
    • Greet each concern, then set it aside.
  3. Felt Sense:
    • Choose one concern.
    • Sense its presence in your body.
  4. Get a Handle:
    • Identify the duality or core quality.
    • Find a word, phrase, or image to match it.
  5. Resonate:
    • Check if the word/image matches the felt sense.
    • Adjust if needed.
  6. Ask:
    • Ask, โ€œWhat about this issue makes me feel ___?โ€
    • Wait for the body to respond.
  7. Receive:
    • Welcome what came.
    • Know itโ€™s one step, not the final answer.
    • Revisit if needed.

2) Six Thinking Hats 8

As a tool for creative thinking, the Six Thinking Hats method was introduced. People usually approach problems with mixed thinkingโ€”logic, emotion, opinionsโ€”all at once. This tool enables sequential thinking with clarity and effectiveness. When everyone “wears” the same hat together, consensus builds smoothly, and confusion is minimized.

The six hats and their functions:

  1. White Hat: Focus on facts and information
  2. Red Hat: Emotions and intuition
  3. Black Hat: Critical judgment, pointing out potential problems
  4. Yellow Hat: Positive logic, exploring benefits and feasibility
  5. Green Hat: Creativity and alternatives
  6. Blue Hat: Managing the thinking process itself

3) Development of Counseling Competency

(1) Relationship Therapy Training

This training was designed to heal broken marital relationships and to deepen already healthy ones. It consisted of three major parts:

  • First, the couple learns the โ€œmirror-reflectionโ€ method of communication by examining how their personal growth history impacts their marriage and by improving their dialogue techniques.
  • Second, the couple undergoes training to recognize and adjust the unconscious power struggles and self-defensive behaviors that occur within the relationship. As part of this process, each partner secretly identifies something the other likes and prepares a surprise gift each month to bring joy and healing.
  • Third, the couple explores a transformative approach toward a โ€œconscious marriage,โ€ in which they intentionally commit to redefining their relationship. This includes drawing a new image of their partner and actively blocking emotional โ€œexitsโ€ that may lead to invisible moments of separation or potential divorce.

(2) Analysis and Counseling Training Using MMPI-2 Psychoanalytic Data

  • First, the basic training was led by Dr. Kevin L. Moreland and included the following components:
    • General Description of the MMPI-2
    • Administering the Inventory
    • Scoring the Inventory
    • Validity Scales
    • Clinical Scales:
      • Scale 1 (Hypochondriasis)
      • Scale 2 (Depression)
      • Scale 3 (Hysteria)
      • Scale 4 (Psychopathic Deviate)
      • Scale 5 (Masculinity/Femininity)
      • Scale 6 (Paranoia)
      • Scale 7 (Psychasthenia)
      • Scale 8 (Schizophrenia)
      • Scale 9 (Hypomania)
      • Scale 0 (Social Introversion)
    • Interpreting the Entire Basic Profile
    • Computer-Assisted Interpretation
  • Second, advanced counseling and therapeutic assessment training based on MMPI-2 data was led by Dr. Stephen E. Finn and covered the following:
    • Goals and Theory of Therapeutic Assessment
    • Flow Chart of a Therapeutic Assessment
    • Initial Interviews
    • Assessment Intervention Sessions
    • Feedback Sessions
    • Client-Directed Reports
    • Case Examples
  • Third, the use of MMPI-2 in legal and forensic contexts was led by Dr. Stuart A. Greenberg and Dr. Kevin L. Moreland. The content included:
    • Forensic Evaluation Practice
    • Acquiring Forensic Competence
    • Clinical Evaluation Versus Forensic Evaluation
    • Forensic Boundaries
    • Civil Forensic Evaluations
    • Requesting Records
    • Evaluation Results and Attorney Feedback
    • Releasing and Declaration and Affidavits
    • What to Do When Subpoenas Come
    • Depositions and Testimony
    • Forensic Applications of the MMPI-2
    • The MMPI in Court: Landmark Legal Cases
    • Explaining MMPI Basics in Court
    • Context Effects
    • Generating Hypotheses from Profiles
    • Effective ministry cannot be produced without clearly established and consistently maintained standards and processes for evaluation. Therefore, it is crucial to set clear evaluation criteria, keep thorough records throughout the process, and regularly reflect on the outcomes. The following evaluation standards were used in monthly assessments conducted during the executive board meetings of the Korean-American Womenโ€™s United Mission Association.
    • It is important to note that the two evaluation formats below represent:
    • An evaluation of the implementation process of each project, and
    • An evaluation of the results and overall impact after the projectโ€™s completion.

4. Evaluation Criteria for the Development of Pastoral Competency

Effective ministry cannot be produced without clearly established and consistently maintained standards and processes for evaluation. Therefore, it is crucial to set clear evaluation criteria, keep thorough records throughout the process, and regularly reflect on the outcomes. The following evaluation standards were used in monthly assessments conducted during the executive board meetings of the Korean-American Womenโ€™s United Mission Association.

It is important to note that the two evaluation formats below represent:

  1. An evaluation of the implementation process of each project, and
  2. An evaluation of the results and overall impact after the projectโ€™s completion.

Korean-American Womenโ€™s United Mission Association Evaluation Form

๐Ÿ“… Date: ______________________ (Year: 199___)

๐Ÿ“ Title or Nature of Todayโ€™s Meeting:


๐Ÿ‘ค Facilitator: _________________________________________


A. Content of the Topic

SectionToo DifficultGoodInsufficient
1. Theoryโ˜โ˜โ˜
2. Practiceโ˜โ˜โ˜

B. Level of the Topic

Too BasicAppropriateToo Difficult
โ˜โ˜โ˜

Instructions:

  • Please check (โ˜‘) the box that best describes your evaluation.
  • Use the comments section on the back if needed.

Evaluation of the Leader

C. Presentation
Effectiveness:โ€ƒโ€ƒ Highโ€ƒโ€ƒโ€ƒModerateโ€ƒโ€ƒโ€ƒNone

  1. Communication Skillsโ€ƒ ______โ€ƒโ€ƒโ€ƒ______โ€ƒโ€ƒโ€ƒโ€ƒ______
  2. Emphasis on Key Points ______โ€ƒโ€ƒโ€ƒ______โ€ƒโ€ƒโ€ƒโ€ƒ______
  3. Audio-Visual Materials ______โ€ƒโ€ƒ โ€ƒ______โ€ƒโ€ƒโ€ƒโ€ƒ______
  4. Printed Materialsโ€ƒโ€ƒโ€ƒ ______โ€ƒโ€ƒโ€ƒ ______โ€ƒโ€ƒโ€ƒโ€ƒ______

D. When summarizing todayโ€™s leaderโ€™s performance, what number would you give from 1 to 10?
(10 means excellent, 1 means poor) ___________

E. When evaluating todayโ€™s meeting overall, what number would you give from 1 to 10?
(10 means excellent, 1 means poor) ___________

F. To make the next meeting more effective, in what areas should growth or improvement be made?

_____________________________________________________________________________

G. If you have any other advice, please feel free to share.

_____________________________________________________________________________

(If you wish, please fill in the following:)

Name: ___________________________

Attending Church: __________________________________________

Senior Pastor: ___________________________________

Thank you for participating today and giving your valuable advice. We promise to strive to make future meetings even more effective.

Korean American Womenโ€™s United Mission Society

2) Evaluation Form for Measuring the Impact Resulting After Implementation

Name: _______________________________       Phone Number: ______________

Organization Name: ___________________________________________________________

Address: _________________________________________________________________

The Korean American Womenโ€™s United Mission is eager to receive your valuable opinions to make our service more effective.

A. Is your church (or organization) involved in the Korean American Womenโ€™s United Missionโ€™s ministry for multicultural families?
( ) Yes     ( ) No     ( ) No, but would like to participate.

B. How much do you think your church members know about the importance of ministry to multicultural families?
( ) Very much   ( ) Somewhat   ( ) Not very much   ( ) Donโ€™t know well

C. If there have been multicultural families among your church members, have you ever fellowshiped with or helped them?
( ) No   ( ) Yes
If yes, how did you help? _____________________________________

D. Do you think the church should volunteer to support multicultural families who are facing difficulties?
( ) Yes   ( ) No

E. What kind of volunteer service do you think is needed?
( ) Prayer support
( ) Homeless shelter volunteering โ€“ for emergency cases
( ) Agape House volunteering โ€“ for long-term shelter
( ) Credit Union participation
( ) Newsletter โ€“ cooperation and subscription for community paper
( ) Nursery โ€“ volunteering to operate daycare and kindergarten
( ) Counseling center support
( ) Language school support
( ) Volunteer teacher for high school equivalency education
( ) Volunteer teacher for technical school
( ) Food pantry support
( ) Clothing pantry support
( ) Visitation for mental institutions / prisons / hospitals
( ) Active participation in community issues
( ) Volunteer police, volunteer firefighters, volunteer EMTs, parent associations, education committees, councils, hospital volunteers, nursing home volunteers, prison visits and leading Bible studies, etc. ________________
( ) Community center volunteering
( ) Support for sponsorship network
Other: ________________________________________________________________

F. Would you like to invite officers of the mission to your church to hear about multicultural family ministry in the New York area?
( ) Yes   ( ) No

G. Are you or your church already engaged in ministry for multicultural families?
( ) No   ( ) Yes, how many families or individuals? _____
Men: _____ Women: _____

H. If you or your church have not yet engaged in ministry to multicultural families, would you like to in the future?
( ) Yes   ( ) No
If you do not choose to engage in multicultural family ministry, what is the reason? _____________

I. If a multicultural family were to arise in your own family, what would you do?

__________________________________________________________________________

J. Please give any advice or suggestions that the Korean American Womenโ€™s United Mission should pay more attention to.

___________________________________________________________________________

Thank you very much for your precious time.

Korean American Womenโ€™s United Mission

5. Comprehensive Evaluation on Pastoral Competency Development

1) Expectations of the Pastor’s Role 9

A survey consisting of 31 questions categorized the roles of a pastor into 31 areas, asking respondents to evaluate each role. This approach provides a more concrete and practical assessment of the pastoral role than a formal or abstract one. The questions themselves are descriptive, making them easy for congregants to understand and concrete for pastors to apply to their ministry.

Respondents were asked to choose one number from 1 to 5 for each question. The question was framed as follows:
โ€œHow important are the following functions of a pastor to you? If you believe it is of utmost importance, circle 5; if it is next in importance, circle 4,โ€ and so on.

The 31 functions included:

  1. Adult education
  2. Community involvement
  3. Pastoral care for the sick, dying, and bereaved
  4. Leading public worship
  5. Cooperation with church committees and departments
  6. Maintaining prayer meetings and spiritual formation
  7. Public speaking and media relations
  8. Overseeing church departments, bulletin publication, documentation, and records
  9. Resolving conflicts and promoting reconciliation in church programs, finances, and leadership elections
  10. Preaching
  11. Visiting and recruiting new members
  12. Counseling individuals with personal problems
  13. Conducting continuing education programs
  14. Teaching and working directly with children, visiting Sunday school, giving childrenโ€™s sermons
  15. Helping victims of social injustice and collaborating with social welfare agencies
  16. Working with and teaching youth through church school and events
  17. Officiating baptisms, communion, weddings, and funerals
  18. Encouraging families and individuals to participate in community and friendships beyond church events
  19. Leading fundraising and building campaigns
  20. Discussing personal spirituality and religious faith with individuals
  21. Participating in denominational events, conferences, and district meetings
  22. Introducing denominational events and programs to the congregation
  23. Helping to plan and manage the church budget
  24. Nurturing fellowship within church gatherings
  25. Serving as a role model of high moral and ethical standards
  26. Presenting overall vision and goals for church policies and programs
  27. Identifying and training lay leaders through church activities
  28. Regular home visitation of church members
  29. Counseling individuals on major life decisions such as marriage
  30. Providing new ideas for church events and plans
  31. Inspiring enthusiasm and engagement in church events

The evaluation results revealed that the most important pastoral functions, in order, were: 10

  1. Moral role model
  2. Life of spiritual discipline and preaching
  3. Care for the sick
  4. Counselor
  5. Worship leader
  6. Administrator

2) The United Methodist Churchโ€™s Pastor Evaluation Questionnaire 11

This questionnaire includes 59 semi-structured multiple-choice questions, 5 open-ended questions, and 1 summary recommendation.

The 59 multiple-choice questions are divided into two major areas:

  • Personal Character (23 items), divided into 7 subcategories:
    1. Integrity and credibility (2 items)
    2. Evangelistic passion (3)
    3. Interpersonal skills (8)
    4. Self-reflection and professional growth (2)
    5. Leadership style (3)
    6. Theological and biblical understanding and tendencies (3)
    7. Human participation (2)
  • Functions and Skills (36 items), divided into 8 areas:
    1. Preaching (6)
    2. Worship (5)
    3. Administration (9)
    4. Pastoral care (3)
    5. Church and community involvement (2)
    6. Christian education (4)
    7. Denominational responsibilities (3)
    8. Evangelism (4)

The 5 subjective open-ended questions are:

  1. What does your pastor do particularly well?
  2. What areas of skill should your pastor further train in to be more effective?
  3. In what areas has your pastor shown growth over the past year?
  4. What area of church ministry will demand the most of your pastorโ€™s time in the coming year?
  5. In what areas of the denominationโ€™s work is your pastor involved?

Each multiple-choice item includes two parts:

  • Part A: The committeeโ€™s rating of the importance of the pastorโ€™s ministry in the church:
    1 = slightly important, 2 = important, 3 = very important
  • Part B: The actual performance evaluation of the pastor using a 5-point scale:
    1 = poor, great need for improvement
    2 = below average, needs attention
    3 = average, satisfactory
    4 = above average, desirable
    5 = excellent, outstanding ministry

The Pastor-Parish Relations Committee considered the pastor to be especially strong in preaching, kindness, church growth, visitation, counseling, encouraging, and striving for a healthy church.
Areas for improvement included English proficiency.
Achievements from the past year included growth in new membership, improved English, and progress in education.
Focus areas for the upcoming year were youth group development, expansion of Bible study groups, and launching prayer groups.

3) Campbell Leadership Development Survey (CLI) 12

In this survey, research team members act as observers of the pastor and answer 100 questions. Each question is answered by selecting one of six options and shading the circle with a No. 2 pencil for computer analysis. The options are:

  • A = Always
  • U = Usually
  • So = Sometimes
  • O = Occasionally
  • Se = Seldom
  • N = Never

Pastors answer a separate 320-question survey selecting their preferences using five degrees:

  • LL = Strongly like
  • L = Like
  • l = Slightly like
  • d = Slightly dislike
  • D = Dislike
  • DD = Strongly dislike

Pastors and observers send their answers to the National Computer Systems (NCS) for analysis. Key leadership evaluation areas include:

  1. Leadership
  2. Activity level
  3. Sociability
  4. Dependability
  5. Resilience

Psychological analysis of leadership is done in five areas:

  1. Overall analysis
  2. Leadership
  3. Interests and skills
  4. Team building
  5. Community life (See Appendix E-4)

Comparative evaluations showed:

  • Leadership: Observers rated the pastor very high; the pastor rated themselves high but slightly lower than the observers.
  • Activity Level: The pastor rated themselves high; observers rated them moderately high.
  • Sociability: Observers rated very high; the pastor also rated high, but slightly below the observer rating.
  • Dependability: Both observer and pastor rated similarly high.
  • Resilience: Observers rated moderately high; the pastor rated slightly higher.

Pastors also completed a personal interest and skill inventory. The results assessed:

  1. Influence โ€“ very high interest, skill exceeds interest
  2. Organization โ€“ fairly high, with skill and interest aligned
  3. Caring ability โ€“ high, with skill exceeding interest
  4. Creativity โ€“ low, skill exceeds interest
  5. Analytical ability โ€“ high, but skill lower than interest
  6. Productivity โ€“ very low overall, skill exceeds interest
  7. Risk-taking โ€“ both skill and interest are low

4) Kouzes/Posnerโ€™s Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) 13

Both the pastor and observers completed separate 30-question surveys, the results of which were analyzed without their knowledge of how. The questions were sent to a computer lab for analysis. Key areas assessed were:

  1. Challenging new initiatives โ€“ Observers rated 94%, pastor 82%
  2. Inspiring a shared vision โ€“ Observers 98%, pastor 94%
  3. Enabling others to act โ€“ Observers 80%, pastor 70%
  4. Modeling the way โ€“ Observers 93%, pastor 90%
  5. Encouraging the heart โ€“ Observers 95%, pastor 89%

6. Comprehensive Evaluation of Pastoral Competence

1) Expectations of a Pastor’s Ministry

According to the evaluation, the key functions of a pastor were ranked by the research group as follows:
(1) Moral role model,
(2) A disciplined life of spiritual practice and preaching,
(3) Care for the sick,
(4) Counselor,
(5) Worship leader,
(6) Administrator.

This shows that the relationship between the congregation and the pastor is primarily shaped by the pastorโ€™s trustworthiness. In other words, trustworthiness is the lifeline of leadership. This concept is supported by Credibility and The Leadership Challenge by James M. Kouzes and Barry Z. Posner.

2) Evaluation Questionnaire of the UMC (United Methodist Church) in the U.S.

The Pastoral Support Committee evaluated the pastor as performing well in areas such as being approachable, preaching, kindness, church member growth, visitation, counseling, encouragement, and efforts toward church health. The area requiring the most improvement was English proficiency.

The previous pastor’s achievements were reported as growth in new members, improvement in English, and development in the area of education. Areas to focus on in the coming year include youth gatherings, expanding Bible study groups, and launching prayer groups.

3) Campbell Leadership Development Survey (CLI)

In the CLI, the research team rated the pastorโ€™s leadership and sociability higher than the pastor rated himself. However, although activity level, dependability, and resilience all received high scores, the pastor rated himself higher than the team did. This suggests that greater effort should be invested in improving these qualitiesโ€”activity, dependability, and resilience.

In summary, pastors should not directly carry out analytical and productive tasks but should instead identify and train leaders who can take on these roles.

4) Kouzes/Posnerโ€™s Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI)

Overall, 80% of the research team agreed that the pastor facilitates action in others, while the pastor himself evaluated this ability at 70%. The pastor’s leadership needs further development to enable others to act freely and with ease.

When drawing a comprehensive evaluation of pastoral competency, it leads us to a foundational question: โ€œWho is the pastor?โ€
This question fundamentally concerns pastoral identity. A pastor’s identity is not merely that of an individualโ€”it must align with the identity demanded by the base community. Only then will the base community possess the proper leadership needed for ecclesial formation. The question of pastoral identity is one of the most fundamental inquiries for the Christian faith community.


1) Negative Definitions of Pastoral Identity

(1) The notion that a pastor is a โ€œshepherdโ€
This implies a non-communal, authoritarian element within the church. The โ€œshepherd and sheepโ€ analogy is valid only when applied to Jesus Christ, our one true Shepherd. The idea of a pastor being a shepherd reflects a premodern, feudal, and authoritarian concept. All baptized believers are called to be disciples of Christ and are co-ministers of mission.

(2) The idea that only pastors are โ€œclergyโ€
This creates a dualistic conclusion that only church work is holy while worldly work is sinful. However, all acts of volunteer service by believers are sacred. This widely used term no longer suits the times. The dichotomy between sacred and secular stems from dualism, which was characteristic of the medieval period before the Reformation. Jesus, Peter, and Paul never referred to themselves as clergy but rather saw themselves as messengers or servants.
In Protestant theology, all vocations are seen as divine callings (vocations from God), making all work sacred. Therefore, distinguishing between sacred and secular work or viewing only pastoral work as sacred blocks the churchโ€™s engagement with society. All baptized Christians are clergy.

(3) The notion that only pastors are โ€œpriestsโ€
This risks elevating the pastor to a divine role, bordering on blasphemy. Pastors are merely servants acting according to the command of Christ, who is the head of the church. The โ€œcommand of Christโ€ refers to decisions made through the consensus of the whole body of believers, grounded in Scripture and prayer.

Just as the title of โ€œShepherdโ€ is meant for Christ, the title of โ€œPriestโ€ should not be applied to human pastors. In the Old Testament, a priest was a public official who served God on behalf of the people, offering sacrifices and acting as an intermediary. The act of offering sacrificesโ€”confessing and seeking forgiveness on behalf of the peopleโ€”defined the priestโ€™s role. 14

In Protestant belief, each believer stands directly before Christ and receives forgivenessโ€”a doctrine grounded in the biblical concept of justification. To require a priest as a mediator undermines this core principle and reflects a priest-centered religion that blocks direct access to God’s grace.

Today, whether pastors identify themselves or are identified by others as โ€œpriests,โ€ this reflects a mistaken logic. The New Testament attributes the priestly role to Jesus Christ aloneโ€”especially emphasized in the book of Hebrews, which describes Him as the eternal High Priest.

Unlike the Roman Catholic Church, Protestant churches do not assign the status of priest to pastors. Rather, the Reformers opposed the Catholic priesthood and emphasized the doctrine of the โ€œpriesthood of all believers,โ€ as found in 1 Peter 2:5,9; Revelation 1:6; 5:10; and 20:6. Thus, no one can claim priestly status in the church except Jesus Christ.


2) Affirmative Definition of the Identity of the Pastor 15

(1) The Pastor as a Righteous Person with Moral Conscience
Henry Nouwen advises modern pastors to turn from compromise with worldly systems and return to dialogue (prayer) with God. Pastors should be among the few righteous who can redeem corrupt communities. The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah for the lack of just ten righteous people shows the significance of moral conscience. These are not merely religious people, but a โ€œcreative and critical minorityโ€ with a deep ethical awarenessโ€”what Toynbee called the โ€œcreative minority.โ€
Christians and pastors are the light that exposes and banishes corruption and are the salt that preserves moral health. Such figures correspond to the โ€œten righteous onesโ€ needed for a healthy community.

(2) The Pastor as Prophet
Nouwen encourages pastors and believers to shift from being โ€œpublic starsโ€ to genuine servants of God. Both pastors and lay believers are called to prophetic rolesโ€”receiving God’s word and conveying it to the world. The difference lies in training and calling: pastors receive both an internal call from God and an external call from the church, whereas laypeople may only have the internal call.
Therefore, pastors must have authority in interpreting the Wordโ€”not to please listeners, but to proclaim God’s righteous voice in a dark age. The biblical prophets were leaders who cried out in the wilderness for justice and human dignity, striving for social reform and the protection of the weak.

(3) The Pastor as Ambassador of Reconciliation
Nouwen also views pastoral work not as domination but as serviceโ€”particularly, the ministry of reconciliation. This is about turning broken relationships into dialogue and building bridges, reflecting the cross of Christ. A pastor is an โ€œambassador of reconciliationโ€ (2 Cor. 5:17).
This ambassador is not someone sent to the laity by God, but someone sent into the world on God’s behalf. All Christians are ambassadors of reconciliation, following Christ, who removed hostility and divisions, brought reconciliation, and built unity through His cross (Eph. 2:14โ€“16).
Thus, all Christiansโ€”especially pastorsโ€”are called to be prominent representatives in the ministry of reconciliation, peace, and unity.

[Notes]

  1. Kouzes, James M., & Barry Z. Posner, The Leadership Challenge: How to Get Extraordinary Things Done in Organizations, (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1987).
  2. _______________, Credibility: How Leaders Gain and Lose It, Why People Demand It, (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1993).
  3. Ibid., p. 14.
  4. Patton, Bruce, Roger Fisher, & William Ury, Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In, (New York: Penguin Books, 1981).
  5. Gendlin, Eugene T., Focusing, (New York: Bantam Books, 1979).
  6. Hwang Moo-Yeon, Danjeon Breathing Method, (Seoul: Uiyaksa, 1979).
  7. Dechanet, J. M., Christian Yoga, (New York: Harper & Row, 1972).
  8. Bono, Edward de, Six Thinking Hats, Units 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, (Des Moines, Iowa: Advanced Practical Thinking Training, Inc., 1992).
  9. See Appendix [E-2-1]
  10. See Appendix [E-2-2]
  11. See Appendix [E-3]
  12. Kouzes, James M., & Barry Z. Posner, The Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) Self-Assessment and Analysis, (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1993), p. 11. & See Appendix [E-5]
  13. The Great Dictionary of Christ, (Seoul: Korean Christian Publishing House, 1972), p. 923.
  14. Henry M. Nouwen, In the Name of Jesus, (New York: The Crossroad Publishing Company, 1990).

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๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์†์˜ ๊ตํšŒ, ๋ณ€ํ˜•์  ๋ชฉํšŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ (์ œ 11 ์žฅ ) ๋‰ด์š• 1995

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1. ๋ชฉํšŒ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ •(ๆŸปๅฎš)

            ์ด ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ˜์›์€ 3 ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ œ 1 ์ฐจ ํŒ€์€ 1990๋…„๋„์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋˜ Embury๊ตํšŒ์˜ ๊ต์ธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์œค์™„ํฌ, Jean Liling, Edna Mai Quibell, Cliff Quibell, Lester Forrester, Matthew Singh, Judy Singh๋“ฑ 7๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ 2 ์ฐจ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์€ ํ• ๋ ๋ฃจ์•ผ ์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ํ•œ์ธ ๊ต์ธ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ตํŒŒ ํ•œ๋ฏธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ์„ ๊ตํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝํ•œ 1991๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1993๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ตœ์ธ๊ฒฝ, ์ตœ์œค๊ฒฝ, ๋ฏผํ˜œ๊ฒฝ, ๊น€์˜์ž, ๋ฐ•์กฐ์ด, ๊น€๊ด€์ˆ˜ ๊น€๊ธˆ์˜ฅ๋“ฑ 7๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ œ 3 ์ฐจ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์€ 1993๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1995๋…„ 3์›”๊นŒ์ง€ 1993๋…„ 10์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋‹ด์ž„์ž๋กœ ๋ถ€์ž„ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ Œ์Šค ํ•œ์ธ๊ตํšŒ๊ต์ธ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊น€์šฉ์˜ฅ, ์ด์ถฉํฌ, ๋ฐ•์šฉ๋ฒ”, ์žฅ์˜๊ทผ, ์ด์šฉ๋Œ€, ๊น€์ƒํœ˜๋“ฑ 6๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ก A๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค.

             ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” 4 ์ฐจ์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2 ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ 1990๋…„ 9์›” ์ดํ›„ Embury๊ตํšŒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ์ œ 1 ์ฐจ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ 1990๋…„ 10์›” 30์ผ์—์„œ 11์›” 13์ผ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์กŒ๋‹ค. 6๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์€ ํ•„์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ ๋“ค์€ ํ›„์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ธฐ์ž… ํ›„์— ํ•„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•„์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ Embury ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜€๋‹ค.

            ์ œ 1 ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์†ํ•œ ์ œ 2 ์ฐจ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•„์ž๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” 1๋…„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•œ ํ›„์˜ Embury๊ตํšŒ์˜ ๊ณต์‹ ์กฐ์ง ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์™€ ๊ต์ธ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํšŒํ˜‘๋ ฅ์œ„์›ํšŒ(Pastor Parish Relation’s Committee)์˜ 9๋ช…์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ 1991๋…„ 9์›” ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 11์›” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. 9๋ช…์˜ ๋ชฉํšŒํ˜‘๋ ฅ์œ„์›๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ ํ•„์ž๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋“ค์€ ํ›„์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ธฐ์ž… ํ›„์— ๋ชฉํšŒํ˜‘๋ ฅ์œ„์›ํšŒ ์œ„์›์žฅ์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ์ถœํ•œ ํ›„, ์œ„์›์žฅ์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ ํ•„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋‚ฉ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์—ฐํšŒ(Annual Conference)์—์„œ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์‚ฌํ‰๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„œ[๋ถ€๋ก A์ฐธ์กฐ]์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

            ์ œ 2 ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” 2๋…„ 6๊ฐœ์›”์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 1994๋…„ 6์›”์— ์ œ 3 ์ฐจ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋กœ๋ Œ์Šค๊ตํšŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜ 6 ๋ช…์ค‘ 3๋ช…์˜ ํšŒ์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์› 6๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ์ž ํ•„์ž๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋“ค์€ ํ›„์— ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ธฐ์ž…ํ•œ ํ›„ National Computer Systems๋กœ ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์†กํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„์ž ์ž์‹ ๋„ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์†กํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” 100๊ฐœ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ (์ง€๋„์ž ์ž์‹ ์€ 320๊ฐœ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„œ) Campbell Leadership Development Survey(CLI)์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์กŒ๊ณ , ์ฝคํ”„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  8์›” 24์ผ 8์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์›ค์ƒ†์„ ํ”„๋ฆฐ์Šคํ†ค์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.

            ์ œ 2 ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ 4 ์ฐจ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” Kouzes/Posner’s Leadership Practices Inventory(LPI)๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. 30๊ฐœ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„œ[๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ก A์—์„œ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋žŒ]๋ฅผ 1994๋…„ 9์›”์— 6๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์ด ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ํ•„์ž๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋“ค์€ ํ›„, ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ž…์„ ํ•œ ํ›„, ํ•„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ ๋ฏธ์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ตํšŒ ๋‰ด์š•์—ฐํšŒ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๊ฐ€ “์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๊ตํšŒ ์ง€๋„์ž”ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์ธ๋„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์†ก์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„์ž ์ž์‹ ์€ 15๊ฐœ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋‹ด๊ฒจ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” 1994๋…„ 10์›” 18์ผ 20์—ฌ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฏธ์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ตํšŒ ๋‰ด์š•์—ฐํšŒ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๊ฐ€ “์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๊ตํšŒ ์ง€๋„์ž”ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.

2. ๋ชฉํšŒ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์„ค์ •

            ๊ตํšŒ์ƒ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กดํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ๊ตํšŒ๋‚ด์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ์ธ ์ด์ค‘๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•œ์ธ๊ตํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋‚ด์— ์ด์ค‘๋ฌธํ™” ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋ฏผ ํ•œ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ ํ•œ๋ฏธ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ์„ ๊ตํšŒ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ ค ๋˜์—ฌ 2 ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค:

            1) ์ง€๋„๋Šฅ๋ ฅ

            ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์€ ์ž์•„์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตํšŒ๋‚ด์— ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํšŒ์ค‘์„ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ํ•œ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋‚ด์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ™” ์ž‘์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์„ค๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์ด์š” ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์€ (1) ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์—†๋Š” ๋„์ „๋ ฅ์ด์š”, (2) ๊ทธ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ „์‹ฌ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๋Š” ํ—Œ์‹ ๋ ฅ์ด์š”, ๋์œผ๋กœ (3) ์กฐ์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ 5๊ฐ€์ง€์˜์—ญ์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

            (1) ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์— ๋„์ „(ๆŒ‘ๆˆฐ) ํ•จ,

            (2) ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒˆ์šด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋น„์ ผ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋™(ๆ„Ÿๅ‹•)์‹œํ‚ด,

            (3) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ด๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฉ์ด(ๅฎนๆ˜“)์ผ€ ํ•จ,

            (4) ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ชจ๋ฒ”(ๆจก็ฏ„)์„ ๋งŒ๋“ฌ,

            (5) ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์šฉ๊ธฐ(ๅ‹‡ๆฐฃ)๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์–ด ๋„ฃ์Œ

            ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์ผ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ คํ•ด์„œ ‘์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ’๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

            2) ์ƒ๋‹ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ:

์†Œ์™ธ๋œ ์ž์•„ ์ƒ์‹ค๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ƒ๋‹ด์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ตด๊ณก๋œ ์ž์•„๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ž์•„ํ™•์ธ ์ฆ‰ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ํ™•์ธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด, ์˜์‹ํ™”๋œ ์ž์•„๋Š” ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„ํ™”๋œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ง€๋„์ž์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋‹ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์ ˆ์‹คํžˆ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ƒ์„ฑ์—๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ์ค„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋‚œ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํšŒ๋ณต ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋„์ž๋ฅผ ์ ์  ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ด ๊ฐ€์ •์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ถ€๋ถ€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•„์„œ ๋ถ€๋ถ€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ƒ๋‹ด ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค.

3. ๋ชฉํšŒ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œํ–‰์ „๋žต

            ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ‘The Center for Creative Church Leadership’์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” 1993๋…„ 7์›” 10์ผ์—์„œ 14์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ 13๋ช…์˜ ๋‹ด์ž„ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋“ค์ด 5์ผ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ์ธ๋„์ž๋Š” Dr. James Pat Carlisle์˜€๋‹ค. ํ›ˆ๋ จ์€ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” 6๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์…‹์งธ๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹ด๋ ฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„, ์‹ค์žฌ๋กœ ์ดํ˜ผ ์ˆ˜์†์„ ๋ฐŸ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•„์ž์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€ 1994๋…„ 7์›” 9์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ 2์ผ๊ฐ„ Dr. Harville Hendrix๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ‘Relationship Therapy’ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. 1994๋…„ 7์›” 14์ผ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 16์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ Cincinnati, Ohio์—์„œ University of Minnesota์ฃผ์ตœ๋กœ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์—์„œ 45๋ช…์˜ ์ •์‹ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋‹ด ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ MMPI-2(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ƒ๋‹ด๋ฒ•์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.

            1) ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

            ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ณ„ํ™•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํ’์š”๋กœ์›€์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๊ณ , ์„œ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋˜์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‚ถ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ถ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์†Œ์œ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ์ผ๊พผ๋“ค์ด ๋˜๊ณ ์ž ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

            ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์—๋Š” 4 ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๋‹ค: ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์˜ ๋„์ „, ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ, ์…‹์งธ๋Š” ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜‘์ƒ๋ฒ•, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ค๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌต์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฒ•์ด์˜€๋‹ค.

            ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์˜ ๋„์ „1

            ์ด 7 ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ ธ์„œ ์ฒซ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์•ˆ๋‚ด๋กœ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์ด๋ผํ•จ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์ธ์„ ํฌ์ƒ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ์›€์ง์—ฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ 5 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ•œ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์”ฉ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

            (1) ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์— ๋„์ „(ๆŒ‘ๆˆฐ) ํ•จ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ (i) ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ , (ii) ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ„ํ•จ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค.          

            (2) ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ธ์šด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋น„์ ผ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋™(ๆ„Ÿๅ‹•)์‹œํ‚ด์€ (iii) ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ (iv) ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋“ค๋„ ์„ธ์›Œ๋ณธ๋‹ค.

            (3) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ด๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฉ์ด(ๅฎนๆ˜“)์ผ€ ํ•จ์€ (v) ๊ณต๋™ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋•๊ณ  ์–‘์œกํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  (vi) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค.

            (4) ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ชจ๋ฒ”(ๆจก็ฏ„)์„ ๋งŒ๋“ฌ์€ (vii) ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์„ธ์šด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  (viii) ์ž‘์€ ์ผ์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋กœ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค.

            (5) ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์šฉ๊ธฐ(ๅ‹‡ๆฐฃ)๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์–ด ๋„ฃ์Œ์€ (viii) ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ณตํ—Œ์„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  (ix) ์„ฑ์ทจ๋“ค์„ ์ž”์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

            ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ2

            ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์ด๋˜์•ผ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด ์•ฝํ™”๋œ ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ด๋˜์ง€ ํšจ๋ ฅ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ์ •์ง์—๋‹ค ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ์ธํ’ˆ์—์„œ ์ •์ง์ด ๋‹น์—ฐ 1์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ 1987๋…„์— 83%, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1993๋…„์—๋Š” 87%์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.3

            ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…(ๅˆ†ๆ˜Ž), ์—ฐํ•ฉ(่ฏๅˆ), ์ง‘์ค‘(้›†ไธญ) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ถ„๋ช…์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜น์€ ์—ญ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋˜, ๋ถ„๋ช…๊ณผ ์—ฐํ•ฉ, ์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ์ง‘์ค‘, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง‘์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ช…์ด ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ขฐํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 6 ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€:

            (1) ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,

            (2) ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,

            (3) ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋“ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,

            (4) ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,

            (5) ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,

            (6) ํฌ๋ง์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

            ์…‹์งธ๋Š” ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜‘์ƒ๋ฒ•4

            ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ๊นŒ? ์ฆ‰ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?

            (1) ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ์ผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ง๋‹คํˆผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜„๋ช…์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ง๋‹คํˆผํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น„ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ง ๋‹คํˆผํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜์†๋  ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ๋‹คํˆผ์€ ๋”์šฑ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒ์ด ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

            (2) ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

            ํ˜‘์ƒ์—๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋จผ์ €์ž„์„ ์žŠ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•Š๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜‘์ƒ์ž๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค, ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์š” ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ฝํ˜€๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฆฌ๋‹คํˆผ์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

            ์ฒซ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € (i) ‘๋‚จ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์— ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…’์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. (ii) ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์ฃผ๋˜ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ์ • ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•Š๋œ๋‹ค. (iii) ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ตํ†ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. (iv) ๋ฏธ์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ง€์ฑ…์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ์„œ ์ผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

            ๋‘˜์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์— ์ด›์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์Œ๋ฐฉ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด๋“์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

            ๋„ค๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌต์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฒ•5

            ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋„์ž๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ํ™€๋กœ ์ผ์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜์ง€ ๊ฐ„์—, ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์ด ์ •๋ˆ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ๋ชธ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋•Œ์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ชธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌต์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฒ• ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ์— ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์œ ์ง€์—๋„ ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•„์ž๋Š” ๋ฌต์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฒ•์— ๋‹จ์ „ ํ˜ธํก๋ฒ•6 ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ์š”๊ฐ€7 ๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

            (1) ๋จผ์ € ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ์ œ์„ธ๋กœ ์•‰๋˜์ง€ ๋ˆ•๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ „ ๋ณต์‹ ํ˜ธํก์„ 3๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ชธ์ด ์•ˆ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒŒ์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณต์‹ํ˜ธํก์„ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,

            (2) ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์— ํ˜ผ์ž ๋งŒ์˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ฌ, Clear a Space:

                        How are you? What’s between you and feeling fine?

                        Don’t answer; let what comes in your body do the answering.

                        Don’t go into anything.

                        Greet each concern that comes. Put each aside for a while, next to you.

                        Except for that, are you fine?

            (3) ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋А๋‚Œ, Felt Sense:

                        Pick one problem to focus on.

                        Don’t go into the problem. What do you sense in your body when you recall the whole of that problem?

                        Sense all of that, the sense of the whole thing, the murky discomfort or the unclear body-sense of it.

            (4) ์ž๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์ฅ , Get a Handle:

                        What is the duality of the felt sense?

                        What one word, phrase, or image comes out of this felt sense?

                        What quality-word whould fit it best?

            (5) ๊ณต๋ช…ํ•จ, Resonate: (๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์—ด์–ด๋†“์Œ)

                        Go back and forth between word (or image) and the felt sense. Is that right?

                        If they match, have the sensation of matching several times.

                        If the felt sense changes, follow it with your attention.

                        When you get a perfect match, the words (images) being just right for this feeling, let yourself feel that for a minute.

            (6) ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค, Ask:

            “What is it, about the whole problem, that makes me so __________ ?”

                        When stuck, ask questions:

                        What is the worst of this feeling?

                        What’s really so bad about this?

                        What does it need?

                        What should happen?

                        Don’t answer; wait for the feeling to stir and give you an answer.

                        What would it feel like if it was all OK? Let the body answer: What is in the way of that?

            (7) ์ˆ˜์šฉ, Receive: ๋ง์”€์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์  ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ๋„

                        Welcome what came. Be glad it spoke.

                        It is only one step on this problem, not the last.

                        Now that you know where it is, you can leave it and come back to it later.

                        Protect it from critical voices that interrupt.                             

                        Does your body want another round of focusing, or is this a good stopping place?

            2) 6๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ (ๆ€่€ƒ)ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž(ๅธฝๅญ): ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์œผ๋กœ ‘6๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž’ 8 ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.

            ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ๋“ ์ง€ ํ™€๋กœ๋“ ์ง€ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋˜ ์„ž์–ด์„œ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์ ๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ , ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์˜๊ฒฌ๋“ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋†“๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ด€์ฒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์”ฉ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์ด ์—†์ด ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‚ด์— ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์ž๋“ค์„ ์“ฐ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‘๋‡Œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ™์ดํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์—‡๊ฐˆ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์Œ“์—ฌ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋ถ„์ด๊ณ  ๋™์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ์“ธ๋•Œ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰ํ–‰์„ ์„ ๊ธ‹๊ณ  ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

            (1) ํ•˜์–€๋ชจ์ž๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. (2) ๋นจ๊ฐ• ๋ชจ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ง๊ด€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๋‹ค. (3) ๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ชจ์ž๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์  ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ์„ ์ผ๋‹จ ์˜์‹ฌํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•œ๋‹ค. (4) ๋…ธ๋ž‘์ƒ‰ ๋ชจ์ž๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์  ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ผ์˜ ์ด๋“๊ณผ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. (5) ์ดˆ๋ก ์ƒ‰ ๋ชจ์ž๋Š” ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ํ™œ๋™๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. (6) ํŒŒ๋ž€ ์ƒ‰์˜ ๋ชจ์ž๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

            3) ์ƒ๋‹ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

            (1) ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์€ ์ƒํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ 3 ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ:

            ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ€์ƒํ™œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” “๊ฑฐ์šธ ๋ฐ˜์˜’๋ฒ•์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”์ˆ ์„ ์ตํžŒ๋‹ค.

            ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ ฅ ์•”ํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ์•Œ์•„ ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ž˜์ฃผ๋Š” ์„ ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋งค์›” ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

            ์…‹์งธ๋กœ ์˜์‹(ๆ„่ญ˜)์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์˜ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๊ณผ์ •์—๋Š” ์˜๋„์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฒฐ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ดํ˜ผ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.

            (2) MMPI-2 ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ƒ๋‹ดํ›ˆ๋ จ

            ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์œผ๋กœ: Dr. Kevin L. Moreland๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋„ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. General Description of the MMPI-2; Administering the Inventory; Scoring the Inventory; Validity Scales; Clinical Scales – Scales 1 (Hypochondriasis), Scales 2 (Depression), Scales 3 (Hysteria), Scales 4 (Psychopathic Deviate), Scales 5 (Masculinity / Femininity), Scales 6 (Paranoia), Scales 7 (Psychasthenia), Scales 8 (Schizophrenia), Scales 9 (Hypomanis), Scales 0 (Social Introversion); Interpreting the Entire Basic Profile; Computer-Assisted Interpretation.

            ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” MMPI-2์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ƒ๋‹ด๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ Dr. Stephen E. Finn์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค: Goals and Theory of Therapeutic Assessment, Flow Chart of a therapeutic Assessment, Initial Interviews, Assessment intervention Sessions, Feedback Sessions, Client-directed Reports and Case Examples.

            ์…‹์งธ๋Š” MMPI-2์˜ ๋ฒ•์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์ ์šฉ์€ Dr. Stuart A. Greenberg๊ณผ Kevin L. Moreland๊ฐ€ ๋ง์•„์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ธ๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Forensic Evaluation Practice, Acquiring Forensic Competence, Clinical Evaluation Versus Forensic Evaluation, Forensic Boundaries, Civil Forensic Evaluations, Requesting Records, Evaluation Results and Attorney Feedback, Releasing and Declaration and Affidavits, What To Do When the Subpoenas Come, Depositions and Testimony, Forensic Applications of the MMPI-2, The MMPI in Court: Landmark Legal Cases, Explaining MMPI Basics in Court, Context Effects, Generating Hypotheses from Profiles.

4. ๋ชฉํšŒ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ค€

            ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ž˜ ์œ ์ง€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ์—ญ์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„ํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ •๊ทœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๋งค์›” 1 ํšŒ์”ฉ ํ•œ๋ฏธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ์„ ๊ตํšŒ ์›”๋ก€ ์ž„์›ํšŒ๋กœ ๋ชจ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ž„์›๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‘”๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์–‘์‹์€ ์ฒซ์งธ ํ”„๋กœ์žญํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ๋‘˜์งธ ํ”„๋กœ์žญํŠธ ํ›„์˜ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์–‘์‹์ž„์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‘”๋‹ค.

            1) ์‹œํ–‰๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์„œ

ํ•œ๋ฏธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์—ฐํ•ฉ ์„ ๊ตํšŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€์„œ

199 ๋…„ ์›” ์ผ

์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ชจ์ž„์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„ ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ: ______________________________________________________

์ธ๋„์ž: _________________________________________

๊ฐ€.        ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ                   ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค       ์ข‹๋‹ค ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค

            1. ์ด๋ก               _____ ____ ____

            2. ์‹ค์ œ              _____ ____ ____

๋‚˜.        ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€                   ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์  ์•Œ๋งž๋‹ค ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค

                                      _____ _____ _____

์ธ๋„์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€

๋‹ค.        ๋ฐœ ํ‘œ                 ํšจ ๊ณผ ์–ด๋А์ •๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค

            1. ๋Œ€ํ™”๋Šฅ๋ ฅ              ______  _______           _______

            2. ์šง์  ๊ฐ•์กฐ            ______  _______          _______

            3. ์‹œ์ฒญ๊ฐ ๊ต์žฌ   ______  _______           _______

            4. ์ธ์‡„ ์ž๋ฃŒ            ______  _______ _______

๋ผ. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ธ๋„์ž์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•  ๋•Œ, 1์—์„œ 10๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ์—          

            ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? (10์€ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋๋‹ค, 1์€ ์ž˜ ์•Š๋๋‹ค) ___________

๋งˆ. ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ, 1์—์„œ 10๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ์—   

            ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? (10์€ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋๋‹ค, 1์€ ์ž˜ ์•Š๋๋‹ค) ___________  

๋ฐ”. ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ข€๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž„์ด ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ํ˜น์€ ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

            _______________________________________________________________

            _______________________________________________________________

์‚ฌ. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์–ธ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด ์„œ์Šด์—†์ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

            _______________________________________________________________

            _______________________________________________________________

            (์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์— ํ•œํ•ด์„œ ์•„๋ž˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ธฐ์ž…ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)

            ๋ณธ์ธ ์„ฑ๋ช…: ___________________________

            ์ถœ์„ ๊ตํšŒ : __________________________________________

            ๋‹ด์ž„๋ชฉ์‚ฌ๋‹˜: ___________________________________

            ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ  ๊ท€ํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋”์šฑ  

            ํšจ๊ณผ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž„์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•ฝ์†๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•œ๋ฏธ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—ฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ตํšŒ

            2) ์‹œํ–‰ ํ›„ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ธก์ • ํ‰๊ฐ€์„œ

ํ•œ๋ฏธ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ตํšŒ

            ์„ฑ๋ช…: _______________________________           ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ: ______________

            ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ด๋ฆ„ : ___________________________________________________________

            ์ฃผ์†Œ: _________________________________________________________________

            ํ•œ๋ฏธ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—ฐํ•ฉํšŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ํšจ๊ณผ ์žˆ๊ฒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜            

            ๊ท€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€. ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ตํšŒ(๊ธฐ๊ด€)์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฏธ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—ฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ์ด์ค‘๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊ต์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ           

            ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

            ( ) ๋„ค    ( ) ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค          ( ) ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‚˜. ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ตํšŒ ๊ต์ธ๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ ์ด์ค‘๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์ • ์„ ๊ต์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋А ์ •๋„ ์•Œ๊ณ            

            ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

            ( ) ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ( ) ์–ด๋А์ •๋„ ( ) ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด๋Š” ( ) ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ 

๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์ผ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ๊ต์ธ ์ค‘์— ์ด์ค‘๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์ •์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ต์ œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค€์ ์ด      

            ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

            ( ) ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค ( ) ์˜ˆ

            ๋งŒ์ผ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์šฐ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? _____________________________________

๋ผ. ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๋•Œ ์ด์ค‘๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์ • ์ค‘์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ตํšŒ๊ฐ€   

            ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

            ( ) ์˜ˆ                ( ) ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค

๋งˆ. ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ž์› ๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ๊นŒ์š”?

            ( ) ๊ธฐ๋„ํ›„์›,      ( ) Homeless Shelter ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ – for Emergency,

            ( ) Agape House ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ – for Long Term Shelter,

            ( ) Credit Union (์‹ ์šฉํ˜‘๋™์กฐํ•ฉ) ์ฐธ์—ฌ,

            ( ) News Letter – ๋งˆ์„์‹ ๋ฌธ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์กฐ์™€ ๊ตฌ๋…,

            ( ) Nursery – ํƒ์•„์†Œ์™€ ์œ ์น˜์› ์šด์˜ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ,

            ( ) ์ƒ๋‹ด์†Œ ํ›„์›, ( ) ์–ธ์–ดํ•™๊ต ํ›„์›,

            ( ) ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์กธ์—…์ž๊ฒฉ ๊ต์œก ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ,

            ( ) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ,

            ( ) ์Œ์‹์ฐฝ๊ณ  ํ›„์›,          ( ) ์˜ท ์ฐฝ๊ณ  ํ›„์›,

            ( ) Visitation for Mental Institution/Prison/Hospital,

            ( ) ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์ฐธ์—ฌ,

            ( ) ์ž์› ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ, ์ž์› ์†Œ๋ฐฉ์›, ์ž์› ์‘๊ธ‰์›, ํ•™๋ถ€ํ˜•ํšŒ, ๊ต์œก์œ„์›ํšŒ, ์˜ํšŒ,       

                        ๋ณ‘์›์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ, ์–‘๋กœ์› ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ, ๊ฐ์˜ฅ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ๊ณต๋ถ€์ธ๋„        

                        ๋“ฑ ์ฐธ์—ฌ,

            ( ) ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์„ผํ„ฐ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ,

            ( ) ํ›„์›ํšŒ (Network) ์ง€์›

            ๊ธฐํƒ€: ________________________________________________________________

๋ฐ”. ๋‰ด์š•์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ด์ค‘๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ๊ตํšŒ ์ž„์›์„ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ตํšŒ๋กœ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ     

            ์›ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

            ( ) ์˜ˆ                ( ) ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค

์‚ฌ. ๊ท€ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ท€๊ตํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด์ค‘๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์—ญ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

            ( ) ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค                      ( ) ์˜ˆ, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„? _____

                                                ๋‚จ์ž: _____ ์—ฌ์ž: _____

์•„. ์ด์ค‘๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ท€ ๊ตํšŒ๋‚˜ ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ป˜์„œ ์„ ๊ต๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ            

            ํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ์›ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

            ( ) ์˜ˆ                ( ) ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค

            ์ด์ค‘๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊ต๋ฅผ ํƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์‹œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? _____________

            ______________________________________________________________________

์ž. ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ์ด์ค‘๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์ •์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?

            ______________________________________________________________________

            ______________________________________________________________________

์ฐจ. ํ•œ๋ฏธ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—ฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ตํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ด€์‚ผ์„ ๊ท€์šธ์—ฌ์•ผํ•  ์กฐ์–ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ฐ์‚ฌ    

            ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

            ______________________________________________________________________

            ______________________________________________________________________

๊ท€ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์–ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋ฏธ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—ฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ตํšŒ

5. ๋ชฉํšŒ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ‰๊ฐ€

            1) ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ (Expectations of the Pastor’s Role) 9

            31๊ฐœ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์†์—๋Š” ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ 31๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…์ ์ด์—ฌ์„œ ๊ต์ธ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํŽธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉํšŒ๋ ฅ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”๋œ๋‹ค.๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

            ๊ฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆซ์ž ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ “๋‹ค์Œ์— ์—ด๊ฑฐ๋œ ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋งŒ์ผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด 5๋ฒˆ์— ๋™๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฏธ, ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 4๋ฒˆ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํƒํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.”          

            (1) ์„ฑ์ธ ๊ต์œก, (2) ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ฐธ์—ฌ, (3) ๋ณ‘์ž, ์ฃฝ๋Š” ์ด, ์œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉํšŒ, (4) ๊ณต์ค‘ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐ ์ธ๋„, (5) ๊ตํšŒ๋‚ด ์œ„์›ํšŒ์™€ ๋ถ€์„œ์™€์˜ ํ˜‘๋™, (6) ๊ธฐ๋„ํšŒ์™€ ์˜์„ฑํ›ˆ๋ จ ์œ ์ง€, (7) ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๋ฐฉ์†ก๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ฐ์„ค, (8) ๊ตํšŒ ๋ถ€์„œ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ณด ๋ฐœํ–‰๋“ฑ, ๊ณต๋ฌธ์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ณด๊ด€๋“ฑ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ๋…, (9) ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ ์žฌ์ • ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž„์›์ธ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™”ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์• ์”€, (10) ์„ค๊ตํ•จ, (11) ์ƒˆ ๊ต์ธ์„ ์‹ฌ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ ๊ต์ธ์„ ๋ชจ์ง‘, (12) ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ƒ๋‹ด, (13) ์—ฐ์žฅ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ, (14) ์•„๋™๋“ค์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฃผ์ผํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋™์„ค๊ต๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋“ฑ, (15) ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑํ•œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์˜, ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹นํ•œ ํฌ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋•๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ด‰์‚ฌ ๋ณต์ง€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋™, (16) ๊ตํšŒํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‹ค๊ณผ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ๋‹ค. (17) ์„ธ๋ก€ ์„ฑ์ฐฌ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ์žฅ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ด€ํ•œ๋‹ค. (18) ๊ตํšŒํ–‰์‚ฌ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๊ตํšŒ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์ผ๊ณผ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•œ๋‹ค. (19) ์žฌ์ • ํ›„์›์šด๋™๊ณผ ๊ฑด์ถ• ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. (20) ๊ฐœ์ธ ์˜์„ฑ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ข…๊ต์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ์‹ ์•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ๋‹ค. (21) ๊ต๋‹จ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์™€ ์—ฐํšŒ ์ง€๋ฐฉํšŒ๋“ฑ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. (22) ๊ต๋‹จ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ต์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. (23) ๊ตํšŒ ์žฌ์ • ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์„ค์ •์„ ๋•๊ณ , ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค. (24) ๊ตํšŒ ๋ชจ์ž„์— ์นœ๊ต๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์–‘์œกํ•œ๋‹ค. (25) ๋†’์€ ๋„๋•๊ณผ ์œค๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ธ๊ฒฉ์ž์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์ž๋กœ ์„ฌ๊ธด๋‹ค. (26) ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. (27) ๊ตํšŒ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ‰์‹ ๋„ ์ง€๋„์ž์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ณ  ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค. (28) ๊ต์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์ •๊ทœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ๋ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค. (29) ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ค‘๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์ธ์„ ์ƒ๋‹ดํ•œ๋‹ค. (30) ํ–‰์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ณ„ํš์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. (31) ๊ตํšŒ ํ–‰์‚ฌ์— ํฅ๋ฏธ ์ง„์ง€ํ•จ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค.

            ๊ทธ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” (1) ๋„๋•์  ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์ž, (2) ์˜์  ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋จ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์„ค๊ต, (3) ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ๋ด„, (4) ์ƒ๋‹ด์ž, (5) ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐ ์ธ๋„์ž, (6) ํ–‰์ •์ž๋“ฑ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์ค‘์š”๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›๋“ค์€ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.10

            2) ๋ฏธ ์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„œ 11

            59๊ฐœ์˜ ์ค€ ์„ ๋‹คํ˜• ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์‹ ์งˆ๋ฌธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์š”์•ฝ์ œ์–ธ 1๊ฐœ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„œ์ด๋‹ค. 59๊ฐœ์˜ ์ค€ ์„ ๋‹คํ˜• ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ 23๊ฐœ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค 36๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ 7๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์กŒ๋Š”๋‹ค: (1) ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋น™์„ฑ 2๊ฐœ, (2) ์ „๋„ ์—ด๋ง 3๊ฐœ, (3) ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ 8๊ฐœ, (4) ์ž๊ธฐ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ 2๊ฐœ, (5) ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ ๋ชจ์Šต 3๊ฐœ, (6) ์‹ ํ•™์  ์„ฑ์„œ์  ์ดํ•ด์™€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ 3๊ฐœ, (7) ์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์ฐธ์—ฌ 2๊ฐœ. ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” 8 ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค: (1) ์„ค๊ต 6๊ฐœ, (2) ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐ 5๊ฐœ, (3) ํ–‰์ • 9๊ฐœ (4) ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋Œ๋ด„ 3๊ฐœ, (5) ๊ตํšŒ์™€ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ฐธ์—ฌ 2๊ฐœ, (6) ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ๊ต์œก 4๊ฐœ, (7) ๊ต๋‹จ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ฑ…์ž„ 3๊ฐœ, (8) ์ „๋„ 4๊ฐœ. ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”์•ฝ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 5๊ฐœ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค: (1) ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? (2) ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์žˆ๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋” ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? (3) ์ง€๋‚œํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋А ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ชฉํšŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? (4) ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ์ผ๋…„๋™์•ˆ ๊ตํšŒ๋‚ด์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜์—ญ์ด ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์š”ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? (5) ๊ต๋‹จ์˜ ์—ฐํšŒ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์˜,๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋Š” ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์š”์•ฝ ์ œ์–ธ์„ ์“ฐ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

            59๊ฐœ์˜ ์ค€ ์„ ๋‹คํ˜• ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋Š” 2 ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ (A) ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตํšŒ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์—ญ์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ 1์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ, 2๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ, 3์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ๊ณ , (B)ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 5๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ • ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1์€ ๋ณด์ž˜ ๊ฒƒ ์—†์–ด์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ํ•„์š”๋กœํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์ด๋‹ค. 2๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹นํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—ญ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์ด๋‹ค. 3์€ ํ‰๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์—ญ์ด ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค. 4๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์—ญ์ด ํ‰๊ท  ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋งŒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค. 5๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—ญ์™€ ํŠน์ถœํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

            ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํŽธํ•จ, ์„ค๊ต, ์นœ์ ˆ, ๊ต์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ, ์‹ฌ๋ฐฉ, ์ƒ๋‹ด, ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์คŒ, ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ฑ์„ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉํšŒํ˜‘๋ ฅ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ , ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ๋  ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์˜์–ด์˜ ์ˆ™๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œํ•ด์˜ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ธด ์—…์ ์€ ์ƒˆ ๊ต์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ™๋‹ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์œก๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์˜€๊ณ , ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ผ๋…„๋™์•ˆ์— ๋”์šฑ ํž˜์จ์•ผ ๋  ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„๋ชจ์ž„, ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฐ˜ ํ™•์žฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋„ํšŒ ๊ตฌ๋ฃน ์‹œ์ž‘์ฆ์ด๋‹ค.

            3) Campbell Leadership Development Survey (CLI) 12

            ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์ด ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์„œ 100๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ 6๊ฐœ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์›์— No. #2 ์—ฐํ•„๋กœ ์ฝคํ”„ํƒ€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊นŒ๋งฃ๊ฒŒ ์น ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค. A๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ, U๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ, so๋Š” ๋•Œ๋กœ, o๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋”, Se๋Š” ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ, N์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ”์ด๋‹ค. ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋Š” ์ง€๋„์ž์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜จ 320๊ฐœ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„œ์— ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •๋„ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•ด์„œ No. # 2 ์—ฐํ•„๋กœ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์›์— ๊นŒ๋งฃ๊ฒŒ ์น ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •๋„๋Š” L์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ์ข‹์•„ํ•จ, L์€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•จ, l์€ ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์•„ ํ•จ, d๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ์‹ซ์–ด ํ•จ, D๋Š” ์‹ซ์–ด ํ•จ, D๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์‹ซ์–ด ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค.

            ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์ด ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—ญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€์•Œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋„ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์— ๋‹ตํ•˜์—ฌ National Computer Systems์— ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค์€ (1) ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ, (2) ํ™œ๋™๋ ฅ, (3) ๋ถ™์ž„์„ฑ, (4) ์˜์กด๋ ฅ, (5) ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”์ธก๊ณผ 12. ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋ถ„์„: (1) ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ๋ถ„์„, (2) ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ, (3) ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ,   

            (4) ํŒ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ, (5) ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์‚ถ. & ๋ถ€๋ก [E-4] ์ฐธ์กฐ.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์ด ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ํ†ต๊ณ„์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด (1) ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์€ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์ž์‹ ๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์ด ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. (2) ํ™œ๋™๋ ฅ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์ž์‹ ์€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™”๊ณ , (3) ๋ถ™์ž„์„ฑ์—๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์ž์‹ ์€ ๋†’์ด ๋ณด์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. (4) ์˜์กด๋ ฅ์€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์ด๋‚˜ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. (5) ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์€ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๋†’์ด๋กœ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์žก์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์žก์•˜๋‹ค.

            ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์— ๋‹ตํ•˜์—ฌ NCS์— ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด (1) ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ, (2) ์กฐ์ง๋ ฅ, (3) ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, (4) ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ ฅ, (5) ๋ถ„์„๋ ฅ, (6) ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ, (7) ๋ชจํ—˜๋ ฅ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—๋Š” ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์ž์‹ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ฐ ์˜์—ญ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์–ผ๋งˆ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค. (1) ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. (2) ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์กฐ์ง๋ ฅ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๋†’์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ์ˆ˜ ์ด๋‹ค. (3) ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋†’์€๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๋‹ค. (4) ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ ฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„ ๋‹ค. (5) ๋ถ„์„๋ ฅ์€ ๋†’์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค. (6) ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด๋ฅด๋‚˜, ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค. (7) ๋ชจํ—˜๋ ฅ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค.

            4) Kouzes/Posner’s Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) 13

            ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›๊ณผ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘ 30์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์€ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณธ ๋ฐ” ๋Œ€๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์— ๋‹ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฝคํ”„ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์‹ค๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ์˜์—ญ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค: (1) ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ผ์— ๋„์ „(ๆŒ‘ๆˆฐ) ํ•จ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์ด ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋ฅผ 94%๋กœ ๋†’์ด ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์ž์‹ ์€ 82%๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.    (2) ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒˆ์šด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋น„์ ผ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๋™(ๆ„Ÿๅ‹•)์‹œํ‚ด์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์€ 98%๋กœ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋Š” 94%๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. (3) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ด๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฉ์ด(ๅฎนๆ˜“)์ผ€ ํ•จ์€ 80%๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์ž์‹ ์€ 70%๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. (4) ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ชจ๋ฒ”(ๆจก็ฏ„)์„ ๋งŒ๋“ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์ด 93%๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์ž์‹ ์€ 90%๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. (5) ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์šฉ๊ธฐ(ๅ‹‡ๆฐฃ)๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์–ด ๋„ฃ์Œ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 95%์ด๊ณ  ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” 89%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

6. ๋ชฉํšŒ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ‰๊ฐ€

            1) ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์—ญ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€

            ๊ทธ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” (1) ๋„๋•์  ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์ž, (2) ์˜์  ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋จ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์„ค๊ต, (3) ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ๋ด„, (4) ์ƒ๋‹ด์ž, (5) ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐ ์ธ๋„์ž, (6) ํ–‰์ •์ž๋“ฑ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์ค‘์š”๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›๋“ค์€ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋จผ์ € ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์–ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ James M. Kouzes & Barry Z. Posner์˜ Credibility ์™€ The Leadership Challenge ๊ฐ€ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

            2) ๋ฏธ ์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„œ

            ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํŽธํ•จ, ์„ค๊ต, ์นœ์ ˆ, ๊ต์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ, ์‹ฌ๋ฐฉ, ์ƒ๋‹ด, ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์คŒ, ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋“ฑ์„ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉํšŒํ˜‘๋ ฅ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ , ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ๋  ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์˜์–ด์˜ ์ˆ™๋‹ฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œํ•ด์˜ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ธด ์—…์ ์€ ์ƒˆ ๊ต์ธ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ™๋‹ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์œก๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋˜์˜€๊ณ , ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ผ๋…„๋™์•ˆ์— ๋”์šฑ ํž˜์จ์•ผ ๋  ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„๋ชจ์ž„, ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฐ˜ ํ™•์žฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋„ํšŒ ๊ตฌ๋ฃน ์‹œ์ž‘๋“ฑ์ด๋‹ค.

            3) Campbell Leadership Development Survey (CLI)

            ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ถ™์ž„์„ฑ์€ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์ด ๋†’์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ™œ๋™๋ ฅ, ์˜์กด๋ ฅ, ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ™œ๋™๋ ฅ, ์˜์กด๋ ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋”์šฑ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

            ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ง์ ‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ์ง€๋„์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตด ์–‘์„ฑํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํžˆ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋ง๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๋ณธ๋‹ค.

            4) Kouzes/Posner’s Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI)

            ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ด๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฉ์ด(ๅฎนๆ˜“)์ผ€ ํ•จ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐ˜์›์ด ๋ณธ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋ฅผ 80%๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์ž์‹ ์€ 70%๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ด๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์ž์œ ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ทธ ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

            ๋ชฉํšŒ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ‘๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋ž€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ๊ฐ€?’๋ผ๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์ ธ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋Š” ์ผ๊ฐœ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ •์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋Š” ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ง€๋„๋ ฅ์„ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ์‹ ์•™ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์  ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

            1) ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ์ •์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ •์˜

            (1) ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž(็‰งๆœƒ่€…)๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ž(็‰ง่€…)๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๊ตํšŒ ๋‚ด์— ๋น„ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ์ธ ๋…์žฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์ž์™€ ์–‘์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์˜ค์ง ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ดํ•ด๋  ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์ „๊ทผ๋Œ€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ด‰๊ฑด์ ์ด๊ณ , ๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„œ ํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ก€๋ฐ›์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ต์ธ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ์ œ์ž๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์„ ๊ต์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์š” ๊ณต๋™ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์ด๋‹ค.

            (2) ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž(็‰งๆœƒ่€…) ๋งŒ์ด ์„ฑ์ง์ž(่–่ท่€…)๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์„ฑ๋„๋“ค์ด ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์›๋ก ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์—ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ตํšŒ ์ผ๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ฃฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ธ์ƒ ์ผ์€ ์ฃ„๋œ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋„๋“ค์ด ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฃฉํ•œ ์ผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฒ ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์žํƒ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์ธํ•˜๋Š”ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ด์›๋ก ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ข…๊ต๊ฐœํ˜ ์ด์ „์˜ ์•”ํ‘์‹œ๋Œ€์˜€๋˜ ์ค‘์„ธ ๋•Œ์— ํ†ตํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ง์ด์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์—†์ด ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜๋‹˜์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฒ ๋“œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”์šธ๋„ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋ฆ„๊พผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€ ์„ฑ์ง์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์—…์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ฒœ์ง(ๅคฉ่ท, CALLING)์ด์—ฌ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฃฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฃฉํ•œ ์ผ๊ณผ ์„ธ์†์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ค‘์  ์ง์—…๊ด€์€ ์š”๋‚ฉ๋  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ง๋งŒ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฃฉํ•œ ์ผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Š” ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์™€ ์„ฑ๋„๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜ ๊ธธ๋„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์ธ์ด ๋‹ค ์„ฑ์ง์ž์ด๋‹ค.

            (3) ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž ๋งŒ์ด ์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ(็ฅญๅธ้•ท)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ์‹ ์„ฑ์˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์•„ ์‹ ์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋…์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋น ์งˆ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐ์™€ ์„ฑ์ „์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„ ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋˜์‹  ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ๋ช…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋ฆ„’ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ๋ช…์ด๋ผ ํ•จ์€ ์˜จ ์„ฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ๋ชจ์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ๊ณ ๋กœ, ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ์„ฑ์„œ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋„์— ์ค€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดํšŒ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

            ๋ชฉ์ž๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์นญํ˜ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์•ฝ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์ธ ์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ “๋ฐฑ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์ œ์‚ฌ์˜์‹์„ ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง์ž์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ดด์˜ ์ค‘๋ณด์ž๋กœ์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ช…์„ ๋ค” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅดํ‚จ๋‹ค.14

            ์ œ์‚ฌ์˜์‹์„ ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฉ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋„ ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์™€ ๋Œ€๋ฉดํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ ํ™”ํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ‘์นญ์˜(JUSTIFICATION)’์˜ ์„ฑ์„œ์  ๊ต๋ฆฌ์™€๋„ ์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์ฃ„์˜ ์šฉ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ์„ ์ค‘๊ณ„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ ์ข…๊ต์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์  ํŠน์ง• ๊ต๋ฆฌ์ด๋‹ค.

            ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋“  ํƒ€์˜๋“  ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์•ฝ ์ข…๊ต์˜ ์œ ๋ฌผ์ธ ์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ ์•ฝ์„ฑ์„œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ์ง๋ฌด๋กœ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํžˆ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๋ฅผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์˜์›ํ•œ ์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

            ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ตํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋กœ๋งˆ ์บ๋Œ๋ฆญ ๊ตํšŒ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ข…๊ต๊ฐœํ˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์นด๋Œ๋ฆญ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ œ์ œ๋„์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์„œ์˜ ๋ง์”€์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์ธ์ด ์‚ฌ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ์†Œ์œ„, ‘๋งŒ์ธ์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ’ ๊ต๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์„ธ์› ๋‹ค.(๋ฒ ๋“œ๋กœ์ „์„œ 2:5,9, ์š”ํ•œ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ก 1:6, 5;10, 20:6) ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตํšŒ์— ์—์ˆ˜๋‹˜ ์ด์™ธ์— ์ œ์‚ฌ์žฅ์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.

            2) ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ์ •์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ •์˜ 15

            (1) ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋Š” ์œค๋ฆฌ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ‘์˜์ธ(็พฉไบบ)’

            Henry M. Nouwen์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ํƒ€ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋“ค์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”(๊ธฐ๋„)๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถฉ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋Š” ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒ€๋ฝํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ‘์˜์ธ๋“ค’์— ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•œ ์†Œ๋”๊ณผ ๊ณ ๋ชจ๋ผ์— ์˜์ธ 10๋ช…์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ๋ฉธ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์–‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ณด๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ 10๋ช…์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ์ข…๊ต์ธ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์œค๋ฆฌ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ , ๋น„ํŒ์  ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์–‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜๋‹˜์ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹  ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋น›๊ณผ ์†Œ๊ธˆ์ด์š”, ํ† ์ธ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ‘์ฐฝ์กฐ์  ์†Œ์ˆ˜’์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์ธ๊ณผ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋ž€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ํญ๋กœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋น›์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๋ž€ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ‘์˜์ธ 10๋ช…’์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์กด์žฌ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

            (2) ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋Š” ์˜ˆ์–ธ์ž(้ ่จ€่€…)

            Henry M. Nouwen์€ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์™€ ์„ฑ๋„๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ‘๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์Šคํƒ€’์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์—์„œ ์ง„์ • ์˜์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋ฆ„๊พผ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถฉ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋„์™€ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋Š” ์˜ˆ์–ธ์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ์„œ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์–ธ์ž๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์™€ ์„ฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋‚ด์ ์ธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์–ธ์„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ •ํ™ฉ์†์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด ๋˜์—ฌ์„œ ์™ธ์ ์ธ ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์š”, ์„ฑ๋„๋Š” ๋‚ด์ ์ธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ์™ธ์ ์ธ ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋Š” ๋ง์”€ํ•ด์„์— ๊ถŒ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ท€์— ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ณ  ๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์–ด๋‘์šด ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•˜์‹  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ณ  ์˜ณ์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ช…์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์–ธ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์˜์™€ ์ธ๊ถŒ์˜ ์‹คํ˜„์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ญ์„คํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ •์˜์™€ ๊ตฌํ˜„๊ณผ ์•ฝ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ๋ณด์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์• ์“ฐ๋ฉฐ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด‘์•ผ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋„์ž์˜€๋‹ค.

            (3) ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์ ˆ(ไฝฟ็ฏ€)

            Henry M. Nouwen๋Š” ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž์˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์š” ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ผ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ทธ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋Š์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ ˆ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ด๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†“์€ ํ™”ํ•ด์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ์‹ญ์ž๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์ ˆ(๊ณ ํ›„ 5:17)์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์„ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰์‹ ๋„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง„ ‘๋Œ€์‚ฌ’๋ž€ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋ž€ ๋œป์—์„œ ‘๋Œ€์‚ฌ’์ด๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์ธ์ด ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋ณด๋ƒ„์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์˜ ‘ํ™”ํ•ด์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ’์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์›์ˆ˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—†์• ์‹œ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ™”ํ•ด์‹œํ‚จ ํ™”ํ•ด์ž์š” ํ‰ํ™”์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ž์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์—ด์˜ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ถ„์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—ญ๊ณผ ์‹ญ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ(์—ก 2:14-16), ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์˜ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„์ธ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ชฉํšŒ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™”ํ•ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์ ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋„๋กœ์„œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ์ง€์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š”, ํ™”ํ•ด ํ‰ํ™” ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ถ€๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™”ํ•ด์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค.

[์ฃผ]

1. Kouzes, James M., & Barry Z. Posner, The Leadership Challenge – How to Get Extraordinary Things Done in Organizations, (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1987).

2. _______________, Credibility – How Leaders Gain and Lose it, Why People Demand it, (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1993).

3. Ibid., p. 14.

4. Patton, Bruce, Roger Fisher, & William Ury, Getting to Yes – Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In, (New York: Penguin Books, 1981).

5. Gendlin, Eugene T., Focusing, (New York: Bantam Books, 1979).

6. ํ™ฉ๋ฌด์—ฐ, ๋‹จ์ „ํ˜ธํก๋ฒ•, (์„œ์šธ: ์˜์•ฝ์‚ฌ, 1979).

7. Dechanet, J. M., Christian Yoga, (New York: Harper & Row, 1972).

8. Bono, Edward de, Six thinking Hats, Unit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, (Des Moines, Iowa: Advanced Practical Thinking Training, Inc., 1992).

9. ๋ถ€๋ก [E-2-1] ์ฐธ์กฐ

10. ๋ถ€๋ก [E-2-2] ์ฐธ์กฐ

11. ๋ถ€๋ก [E-3] ์ฐธ์กฐ

13. Kouzes, James M., & Barry Z. Posner, The Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) Self- Assessment and Analysis, (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1993), p. 11. & ๋ถ€๋ก [E-5] ์ฐธ์กฐ

14. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ „, (์„œ์šธ: ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์„œํšŒ, 1972), p. 923.

15. Henry M. Nouwen, In the Name of Jesus. (New York: The Crossroad Publishing Company, 1990).

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